NR 507 Final Exam (Recent Exam)
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1. What are warning signs of GERD (> 50yrs): Dysphagia
Odynophagia (pain on swallowing) N/V Wt loss Melena Early Satiety (feeling full off of little food)
2. Are Hiatal hernias symptomatic: No, often they are aysmptomatic
- How are Hiatal hernias dx: often later in life typically associated with s/s of
- What is a sliding hiatal hernia: Where the junction of the esophagus slides up
GERD
past the GE junction
5. Hiatal hernia tx: tx is conservative. Often eating small, frequent meals can
diminish relfux. Avoid laying down after eating. wt control is recommended for those who are obese.
- Characteristic manifestation of a duodenal ulcer is: chronic intermittent pain
in the epigastric area
7. When does pain occur when you have a duodenal ulcer: between 30 min-
utes to two hours after eating, when the stomach is empty. It is also not unusual for the pain to occur at night and NOT disappear in the am.
- What is a peptic ucler: break or ulceration in the protective mucosal lining of
the lower esophagus, stomach or duodenum.
9. Where is a peptic ulcer least likley to form: large intestine.
10. What is the standard first line of tx for MDD: SSRI's
- When choosing an antidepressant you must think about:: s/s
- Key features in social anxiety disorder: fear and avoidance of social situa-
age SE saftey cost
tions Ex: anxious person may feel very uncomfortable having a conversation or interact- ing with others and very conscious of being scrutinized and humiliated or rejected by others.
13. Schizophrenia how is it classified: positive, negative and cognitive cate-
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NR 507 Final Exam (Recent Exam)
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14. Positive schizophrenia: hallucinations, delusions, formal thought disorder
and bizarre behavior
15. negative schizophrenia symptoms: flattened affect, alogia, anhedonia, at-
tention deficits, and apathy.
16. Cognitive Schizophrenia Symptoms: inability to perform daily tasks that
require attention and planning.
17. How is schizophrenia diagnosed?: advanced neuroimaging techniques
have revealed structural brain abnormalities. as well as a consistent finding of the enlargement of the lateral and third ventricles and the widening of front cortical issues and sulci
18. Hypothyrodism: decreased thyroid function, it is the most common thyroid
disorder. It affects 0.1%-0.2% of U.S population more common in women and elderly.
19. TSH: thyroid stimulating hormone
20. Where is TSH released from: anterior pituitary
21. Thyroid Releasing Hormone (TRH): promotes the release of thyroid-stimu-
lating hormone (TSH) and is secreted from the hypothalamus
22. Two most distinguishing features of graves disease: pretibial myxedema
and exophthalmos
23. Category of ophthalmopathy associated with graves disease: functional
abnormalities resulting from hyperactivity of the sympathetic division of the auto- nomic nervous system (lag of the globe on upward gaze or a lag of the upper lido n Downard gaze)
24. Category of ophthalmopathy associated with graves disease: infiltrative
changes involving orbital contents with enlargement of ocular muscle's These changes affect more than half of people with graves' disease. Includes secretion of hyaluronic acid, adipogenesis, inflammation, edema of the orbital contents result- ing in exophthalmos (protrusion of the eyeball), periorbital edema and extraocular muscle weakness leading to strabismus and diplopia (Double vision)
25. Tx of hyper thyrodism: directed at controlling excessive TH production, se-
cretion or action and includes antithyroid drug therapy (Methimazole or propylth- iouracil) Radioactive iodine therapy (absorbed by thyroid tissue causing death to cells), and surgery.
- Medications for hyperthyrodism tx: Methimazole or propylthiouracil
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