NR 503-MIDTERM EXAM UPDATED VERSION 2023
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS
GUARANTEED A+
- Types of Causation - Correct Ans1) Necessary-disease only occurs is disease is
present
2) Sufficient-Exposure always leads to disease
3) Necessary BUT not sufficient: factors happen in a temporal sequence.
4) Sufficient BUT not necessary: A specific factor can cause a disease process, but other factors can cause the same disease.
5) Neither sufficient NOR necessary: Specific factor can be combined with other factors to produce a disease
- ways to establish causation - Correct Ans1) Temporal relationship-associated factor
must be present before the disease
2) Strength of association-The stronger the relationship, the more likely it is casual
3)Dose-response relationship-dose increases, so does the risk of development of the disease
4)replication of findings-findings can be found repeated in other studies
5) Biological plausibility-current knowledge on the factor or exposure and the response of the human body on the cellular level is consistent with the findings
Absolute Risk - Correct AnsIncidence of a disease in a population
Active Surviellance - Correct AnsCase by case basis
Each specific person's information is entered into a database.
Aggregate - Correct Ansdefined population
Analytic Study Methods - Correct AnsConsists of observational and experimental
Case control and cohort
Attributable risk - Correct Anshow much of the risk (incidence) of the disease we hope to prevent if able to eliminate exposure to the agent in question
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Best way to establish causation - Correct AnsObservation of humCorrect Answho have a trait, factor, or exposure, and so on.
Campaign for Action - Correct AnsMovement to utilize medical professionals,(especially) nurses, to increase overall satisfaction with their medical care
Utilized interdisciplinary care within the healthcare realm to assist patients in a holistic approach to ensure positive patient outcomes.
To double the number of nurses with their DNP by 2020-diversifies the field, encourage leadership within nursing, assisting with continued nursing education.
Uses primary care to assist with preventable measures by education
Case-control study - Correct Anscomparing groups with and without the disease
compared with past exposures that are RARE
if high odds of exposure then this is an ASSOCIATION
Large populations AND when disease outcome is uncommon
less reliable, inexpensive, easy to conduct, works well with outbreaks
too many confounding variables which alter results
ex: link between lung cancer to smoking
Cases - Correct AnsCriterion used to make decisions whether the patient has a disease or health event
Causation - Correct Anscause of the disease or issue process
An increase in a casual factor or exposure causes an increase in the outcome of disease
Primary: use of flu vaccinations
Secondary: Test for influenza
Tertiary: giving Tamiflu to a positive flu patient
Clinical significance - Correct AnsReferring results that have clinical significance
Cohort study - Correct Ansidentifies a group exposed to a particular factor AND a comparison group not exposed AND measures/compares the incidence of disease to the two groups
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