NR 503 Midterm Exam Latest 2023 - 2024

NR 503 Midterm Exam (Latest 2023 - 2024) New Full Questions and Answers ( Included ) 100% Correct

• Surveillance: used to monitor changes in disease frequency or to monitor changes in the levels of

risk factors. Most frequently conducted for infectious dis-eases "on going systemic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health data" Descriptive

2. Rates: tells us how fast the disease in the population is occurring

3. Proportions: tell us what fractions of the population is affected

• Incidence rate of a disease: is defined as the NEW number of cases of a diseasethat occur during a

specific period of time in a population at risk

• Cumulative incidence: the incidence calculated using a period of time duringwhich all of the

individuals in the population are considered to be at risk for the outcome

• Person Time: when different individuals are observed at different times (personyears)

7. Different Periods of time incidence rate: # of NEW cases/total person-time

• Identifying New Cases in order to calculate incidence: knowing the baselinethen re screening after a

year to see the new cases that have developed

• Attack Rate: number of people exposed to a suspect food who became ill/ # ofpeople who were

exposed to that food

• Prevalence: # of affected persons present in the population at a specific time/ # of persons in the

population at that time. This is view more of a snapshot throughthe population at a point in time.prevalence=incidence*duration of disease

• Point prevalence: prevalence of the disease at any time point during a certaintime period (when

you see the word prevalence without any modifier it typically means point prevalence)

• Period prevalence: how many people have had the disease at a certain pointduring a certain time

period.

• When does prevalence increase/decrease?: example of insulin: Insulin con-trols diabetes and

prevents people from dying from it, increasing prevalence. Deathsdecrease prevalence.

• Problems with the numerator: first problem is defining who has the disease, some may have the

disease but show no symptoms, others show symptoms but donot get medical attention, others may have been diagnosed and have had medicalattention but no diagnoses may have been made, or participant does not recall an episode of illness or events.

• Problems with the denominator: selective under counting of certain groups inthe population may

occur. Or certain disease that no longer affect some people in the population have to be taken out but its hard to.

• Problems with Hospital Data: hospital admissions are very selective. Recordsmay be incomplete,

missing, or illegible

• At an initial examination in Oxford, Mass. migraine headache was found in5/1,000 men aged 30-35

and in 10/1000 women aged 30-35 years.The inferencethat women have a two times greater risk of developing migraine headache than do men of this age group is:: incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence

• A prevalence survey conducted from Jan 1 through December 31 2012 identified 1,000 cases if

schizophrenia in a city of 2 million persons.The inci-dence rate of schizophrenia is 5/100,000 persons

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