NR 328 Exam 2 Study Guide
Fluid Overload: S/S
(Ans-
- edema
- elevated venous pressure
- hepatomegaly
- weight gain
- slow bounding pulse
- lethargy
- seizures/coma
- increased spinal fluid pressure
Fluid Overload: Lab Findings
(Ans-
- low urine specific gravity
- decreased serum electrolytes
- decreased hematocrit
- variable urine volume
Fluid Deficit: S/S
(Ans-
- variable temp
- dry skin and mucous membranes
- poor skin turgor
- decreased pulse
- slow cap refill
- weight loss
- fatigue
- ALOC
- Tachypnea/tachycardia
- / 3
Fluid Deficit: Lab Findings
(Ans-
- high urine specific gravity
- increased hematocrit
- variable serum electrolytes
- variable urine volume
- increased BUN
- increased serum osmolality
Hypokalemia: S/S
(Ans-
- muscle weakness
- hypotension
- cardiac arrhythmias
- tach or bradycardia
- Ileus
- drowsiness
- irritability
Hypokalemia: Lab Findings
(Ans-
- decreased serum potassium <3.5
- abnormal EKG - notched or flattened t-wave, decreased ST segment
Hypokalemia: Causes
(Ans-
- corticosteroids
- healing stage of burns
- hyperglycemic diuresis
- IV administration of insulin in DKA
- Alkalosis
Hyperkalemia: Causes
(Ans-
- renal disease 2 / 3
- addison's
- metabolic acidosis
- old donor blood
- crushing injuries
Hyperkalemia: S/S
(Ans-
- muscle weakness
- twitching
- hyperreflexia
- bradycardia
- V-fib and cardiac arrest
- oliguria
- apnea - respiratory distress
Hyperkalemia: Lab Findings
(Ans-
- high serum potassium > 5.5
- variable urine volume
- flat p wave in evg, peaked t wave, widened QRS complex
Potassium: Foods
(Ans-
- avocado
- spinach
- sweet potato
- banana
- mushrooms
Hyponatremia: S/S
(Ans-
- dehydration
- weakness
- dizziness
- nausea
- / 3