NR 283 Pathophysiology Exam 2
Arteries (Ans- transport blood away from heart
veins (Ans- transport blood to the heart
Capillaries (Ans- microcirculation within tissue
systemic circulation (Ans- exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes in tissues
pulmonary circulation (Ans- gas exchange in the lungs
function of plasma proteins (Ans- osmotic pressure, antibody, and blood clots
Erythrocytes (Ans- contain hemoglobin, life span of about 20 days
Erythropoietin (Ans- produced in the kidney, stimulates erythrocyte production
- steps of blood clotting (hemostasis)
- vasoconstriction of vascular spasm after injury 2. platelet clot 3.
(Ans-
coagulation mechanism
Rh+ (Ans- antigen D in plasma membrane
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Rh- (Ans- absence of antigen D
anemia (Ans- causes a reduction in oxygen transport, basic problem is hemoglobin deficit
oxygen deficit leads to (Ans- less energy production in all cells, tachycardia and peripheral vasoconstriction-compensation mechanisms
general signs of anemia (Ans- fatigue, pallor, dyspnea, tachycardia, decreased regeneration of epithelial cells, severe anemia may lead to angina of CHF
iron deficiency anemia (Ans- insufficient iron impairs hemoglobin synthesis
etiology of iron deficiency anemia (Ans- dietary intake of iron below minimum, chronic blood loss, impaired duodenal absorption of iron, severe liver disease
signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia (Ans- general signs of anemia + spoon shaped and ridged nails, brittle hair, stomatitis, glossitis, menstrual irregularities, delayed healing
pernicious anemia (vitamin B12 deficiency) (Ans- lack of intrinsic factor, intrinsic factor secreted by gastric mucosa, required for intestinal absorption of vitamin B12, B12 needed for function of neurons
etiology of pernicious anemia (Ans- dietary insufficiency, malabsorption, surgery, such as gastrectomy
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