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NCRA CTR FINAL EXAM NEWEST ACTUAL
EXAM COMPLETE 180 QUESTIONS AND
CORRECT DETAILED ANSWERS (VERIFIED
ANSWERS) |ALREADY GRADED A+
QUESTION 1: What is the cell membrane?
ANSWER: Separates the internal structures from the
extracellular fluid
QUESTION 2: What is cytoplasm?
ANSWER: Clear, thick gel containing carbohydrates, lipids,
proteins, and other chemicals that surrounds the nucleus in a cell
QUESTION 3: What is cytosol?
ANSWER: Fluid inside a cell
QUESTION 4: What are organelles?
ANSWER: Bodies in the cytoplasm that perform specific
functions needed for cell survival
QUESTION 5: What are ribosomes?
ANSWER: Rounded bodies in the cytoplasm composed of
protein and RNA; involved in protein synthesis
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QUESTION 6: What is the nucleus?
ANSWER: Control center of a cell
QUESTION 7: What is chromatin?
ANSWER: DNA strands that are loosely coiled (before
division)
QUESTION 8: What are chromosomes?
ANSWER: DNA strands that are more tightly coiled forming
short, rod-like bodies
QUESTION 9: What is homeostasis?
ANSWER: Condition where internal and external environments
remain constant and in balance
QUESTION 10: What is diffusion?
ANSWER: Process by which molecules or ions spread from an
area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, until the concentration is uniform throughout
QUESTION 11: What is active transport?
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ANSWER: Process by which molecules or ions are moved
across a cell membrane; most chemotherapy agents enter a cell by this
QUESTION 12: What are enzymes?
ANSWER: Proteins that act as catalysts to induce or speed up
specific chemical reactions within a cell
QUESTION 13: What is mitosis?
ANSWER: Cell division, process by which cells reproduce
QUESTION 14: What are the four phases of mitosis?
ANSWER: Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
QUESTION 15: What is embryology?
ANSWER: Study of the origin and development of the
individual organisms
QUESTION 16: What is differentiation?
ANSWER: Cells of the embryo begin to change their shape and
structure into distinct layers
QUESTION 17: What are the three primary germ layers?
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ANSWER: Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
QUESTION 18: What does the ectoderm give rise to?
ANSWER: From it arises epidermal tissue
QUESTION 19: What are squamous cell carcinomas?
ANSWER: Carcinomas that arise from stratified epithelium
QUESTION 20: What are adenocarcinomas?
ANSWER: Carcinomas that arise from glandular tissue or ductal
QUESTION 21: What are transitional cell carcinomas?
ANSWER: Carcinomas with mixed glandular and epithelium
QUESTION 22: What are sarcomas?
ANSWER: Malignant tumors of mesenchymal origin; solid
tumors of connective tissue