Nagelhout - Pharm 2 Questions and

Nagelhout - Pharm 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) Ester Local Anesthetics (5) - Correct Answers ✅- Cocaine

• Procaine
• Chloroprocaine
• Tetracaine
• Benzocaine

(only 1 "i" in the name) Amide Local Anesthetics (6) - Correct Answers ✅- Lidocaine

• Prilocaine
• Ropivicaine
• Bupivacaine
• Articaine
• Mepivicaine

(2 "i's" in the name) Miscellaneous drugs associated with Local Anesthetics - Correct Answers ✅- EMLA Cream

• Hyaluronidase
• Oraverse 1 / 3

Nagelhout - Pharm 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025) Three required chemical components of the local anesthetic molecule - Correct Answers ✅1. Lipophilic portion (Benzene ring)

• Hydrophilic portion (Quarternary amine)
• Separated by an Intermediate Chain (either an Ester or

Amide chain) Amide Intermediate bond characteristics - Correct Answers ✅NH (positively charged) and Carbonyl oxygen (negatively charged) = attracted to each other → difficult to separate = difficult to metabolize Ester Intermediate bond characteristics - Correct Answers ✅Oxygen (negatively charged) and Carbonyl oxygen (negatively charged) = repel each other → open bond = easy to metabolize All local anesthetics take on these 2 forms to be non-ionized or ionized depending on the pH - Correct Answers ✅1.Quarternary amine (charged nitrogen group) → water soluble

• Tertiary Amine (non-charged nitrogen group) → lipid soluble

Ester metabolism

• Metabolized by
• Metabolized in 2 / 3

Nagelhout - Pharm 2 Questions and Verified Answers, 100% Guarantee Pass (Latest 2025)

• Fast or slow metabolism
• Duration of action
• Longest acting Ester - Correct Answers ✅1. (Location

specific) Esterases

• Everywhere
• Fast
• Short
• Tetracaine

Amide metabolism

• Metabolized by
• Metabolized in
• Fast or slow metabolism
• Duration of action
• Risk with Amide local anesthetic metabolism - Correct

Answers ✅1. Liver enzymes (CYP1A2 and CYP3A4)

• Liver
• Slow

4. Long: highly protein bound and liver metabolism

• Rapid absorption can lead to significant blood level →

toxicity

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