MultiplenChoicenQuestions

TestnBank tonaccompany AnimalnBehavior,nTwelfthnEdition JohnnAlcock,nLindanGreen,nPaulnNolan,nStefanienSiller,nandnDustinnRubenstein

Chaptern1:nAnnIntroductionntonAnimalnBehavior

MultiplenChoicenQuestions

• “Ifnfemalenlizardsnwithnreddishnthroatsnproducenmoreneggsnthannfemalesnwithnorangishnthroats,nt

hennthenreddishnthroatnisnannevolvednadaptation.”nThisnstatement

• isntrue,nbecausenthisnspeciesnhasnvariation,nancriticalnrequirementnfornthenevolutionnofna

daptationsnbynnaturalnselection.

• isnfalse,nbecausenfemalesnwithnorangishnthroatsncouldnstillnhavenmorenoffspringnthatnliventonr

eproducenthannfemalesnwithnreddishnthroats.

• isnfalse,nbecausentherenisnnonguaranteenthatnfemalesnwithnreddishnthroatsnarenthenbestnfornthenl

ong-termnpreservationnofnthisnspecies.

• couldnbentruenornfalse,nbecausenwencannotntellnwithoutnknowingnwhethernreddishnfemalesno

utnumbernorangishnfemalesninnthisnspecies.

Answer:nb

LearningnObjective:n1.1.1nIdentifynthenconditionsnrequiredntonproducenevolutionarynchangenthrough nnaturalnselectionnandnexaminenthesenconditionsnusingnthengene’sneyenview.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• Thenstatementn“Lemmingsndispersenfromnareasnofnhighnpopulationndensitynbecausentheyni

nheritednthisnabilitynfromnanlemming-likenancestorninnthenpast”nisnanhypothesisnabout

• evolvednfunction.
• geneticsnandndevelopment.
• evolutionarynhistory.
• adaptivenvalue.

Answer:nc

LearningnObjective:n1.1.3nConsidernhownproximatenandnultimatenlevelsnofnanalysisncannbenusedntonprovi denannintegrativenunderstandingnofnthendevelopment,nmechanism,nadaptivenvalue,nandnevolutionarynhist orynofnanbehavior.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• Theninfanticidenhypothesis,nwhichnpositsnthatninfanticidenisnanreproduction-

enhancingntacticnpracticednbynmales,nisncallednanhypothesisnbecausenit

• cannbenproven.
• isnannexplanationnbasednonnlimitednevidencenthatncannbentested.
• isnmutuallynexclusiventonanynothernpotentialnexplanations.
• isnanbasicnprinciplenthatncannbenappliednwidely.n

Answer:nb 1 / 4

LearningnObjective:n1.1.2nReviewnhownresearchersnusenthenscientificnmethodntontestnhypothesesnan dnpredictionsnrelatedntonanpotentiallynadaptivenbehaviorninnorderntonconsidernitsnfitnessncostsnandnben efits,nevaluatenitsnadaptivenvalue,nandnidentifynwhynitnevolved.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• InnordernfornDarwiniannnaturalnselectionntoncausenevolutionarynchange,nanpopulationnmustnc

ontainnindividualsnthatndiffernhereditarilyninnsomencharacteristicnbecause

• innanpopulationnwithoutnthisnkindnofnvariation,nthenspeciesnisndoomedntonextinction.
• whennallnindividualsnhaventhensamengenes,nthennallnindividualsnarenexactlynalikeninnallnrespects.
• uniformnpopulationsnarenevolutionaryndeadnends.
• unlessntherenisnvariationnofnthisnsort,nparentsncannotnpassnonntheirnadvantageousnattributesntont

heirnoffspring.

Answer:nd

LearningnObjective:n1.1.1nIdentifynthenconditionsnrequiredntonproducenevolutionarynchangenthrough nnaturalnselectionnandnexaminenthesenconditionsnusingnthengene’sneyenview.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• Wenobservenvariationninnanpopulationnofnlizardnwithnrespectntonhownfastnindividualsncannrun.nW

enattemptntonselectnfornthenabilityntonrunnslowly,nnotnquickly.nAfternsixngenerationsnofnselectivenbre edingnofnonlynthenslowestnwithnthenslowest,nthenmeannrunningnspeednofnthenlizardsnhasnnotnchange d.nWhatnisnthenappropriatenscientificnconclusionnbasednonnthisnwork?

• Afternsixngenerationsnofnartificialnselection,nthenfrequencynofnslownrunnersninnthenpopulationnhasnr

emainednunchanged.

• Afternsixngenerationsnofnartificialnselection,nthenfrequencynofnslownrunnersninnthenpopulationnhasni

ncreased.

• Thendifferencesnbetweennthenlizardsninnrunningnspeedninnthenoriginalnpopulationnwerennotnc

ausednbyngeneticndifferencesnamongnthem.

• Thenresultsnareninvalidnbecausenthenresearchersnfailedntonmaintainnenoughnvariationninnrunningns

peedninntheirnselectednlineage,nsonevolutionarynchangenwasnimpossible.

Answer:nc

LearningnObjective:n1.1.1nIdentifynthenconditionsnrequiredntonproducenevolutionarynchangenthrough nnaturalnselectionnandnexaminenthesenconditionsnusingnthengene’sneyenview.

Bloom’snLevel:n3.nApplying

• Wenobservenanfrognthatncarriesnitsnbabiesnonnitsnbacknawaynfromnwherentheneggsnhatched.nHerena

rentwonquestionsnaboutnthisnobservation:

X.nDoesnthenfrogndonthisntonmoventhenbabiesntonanplacenwherentheynwillnbensafernandnmorenlikelyntonsurviv e?Y.nDoesnthenfrognhavenspecificnmorphologicalntraitsnthatnenablenitntonholdnandntransfernitsnbabiesninnth isnway?

Whichnofnthentwonisnanproximatenquestion?

• X,nbecausenitnconsidersnthenadaptivenvaluenornfunctionnofnthentrait
• Y,nbecausenitnasksnaboutnthendevelopmentalnmechanismsnthatninfluencenthencomponentsnofnthena

nimal 2 / 4

• BothnXnandnY,nbecausentheynlooknatnthenimmediatenandnmechanisticncausesnofnthenbehavior
• NeithernXnornY,nbecausentheynbothntakenannadaptivenornevolutionarynapproachntonlooknatnthenu

ltimatencausesnofnthenbehavior

Answer:nb

LearningnObjective:n1.1.3nConsidernhownproximatenandnultimatenlevelsnofnanalysisncannbenusedntonprovi denannintegrativenunderstandingnofnthendevelopment,nmechanism,nadaptivenvalue,nandnevolutionarynhist orynofnanbehavior.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• Wenobservenanfrognthatncarriesnitsnbabiesnonnitsnbacknawaynfromnwherentheneggsnhatched.nHerena

rentwonquestionsnaboutnthisnobservation:

X.nDoesnthenfrogndonthisntonmoventhenbabiesntonanplacenwherentheynwillnbensafernandnmorenlikelyntonsurviv e?Y.nDoesnthenfrognhavenspecificnmorphologicalntraitsnthatnenablenitntonholdnandntransfernitsnbabiesninnth isnway?

Whichnofnthentwonisnannultimatenquestion?

• X,nbecausenitnconsidersnthenadaptivenvaluenornfunctionnofnthentrait
• Y,nbecausenitnasksnaboutnthendevelopmentalnmechanismsnthatninfluencenthencomponentsnofnthena

nimal

• BothnXnandnY,nbecausentheynlooknatnthenimmediatenandnmechanisticncausesnofnthenbehavior
• NeithernXnornY,nbecausentheynbothntakenannadaptivenornevolutionarynapproachntonlooknatnthenu

ltimatencausesnofnthenbehavior

Answer:na

LearningnObjective:n1.1.3nConsidernhownproximatenandnultimatenlevelsnofnanalysisncannbenusedntonprovi denannintegrativenunderstandingnofnthendevelopment,nmechanism,nadaptivenvalue,nandnevolutionarynhist orynofnanbehavior.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• WhichnisnannexamplenofnanDarwiniannpuzzle?
• Salmonncannsmellnanfewnmoleculesnofnchemicalsninnthenstreamninnwhichntheynwerenborn.
• Adultnbirdsnscreamninnpainnwhenncaughtnbynanpredator.
• Ifntwonornevennthreeneggsnarenaddedntonanbird’snnest,nthenadultnbirdsnoftenncannrearnthemns

uccessfullynalongnwithntheirnownnchicks.

• Batsncanncatchnmothsninncompletendarknessnthanksntontheirnabilityntonhearnechoesnfromntheirno

wnncries.

Answer:nc

LearningnObjective:n1.1.2nReviewnhownresearchersnusenthenscientificnmethodntontestnhypothesesnan dnpredictionsnrelatedntonanpotentiallynadaptivenbehaviorninnorderntonconsidernitsnfitnessncostsnandnben efits,nevaluatenitsnadaptivenvalue,nandnidentifynwhynitnevolved.

Bloom’snLevel:n2.nUnderstanding

• Considernthenfollowingnobservation:nMalensongnsparrowsnsingnmorenatndawnnthannduringnanyno

therntimenthenday. 3 / 4

Withnregardntonthisnobservation,nthenstatementn“Malesnsingntonprovidenaccurateninformationntonmate snaboutntheirnphysicalncondition”nisnannexamplenof a.nancausalnquestion.

• anprediction.
• testnevidence.
• anhypothesis.

nAnswer:nd

LearningnObjective:n1.1.2nReviewnhownresearchersnusenthenscientificnmethodntontestnhypothesesnan dnpredictionsnrelatedntonanpotentiallynadaptivenbehaviorninnorderntonconsidernitsnfitnessncostsnandnben efits,nevaluatenitsnadaptivenvalue,nandnidentifynwhynitnevolved.

Bloom’snLevel:n3.nApplying

• Considernthenfollowingnobservation:nMalensongnsparrowsnsingnmorenatndawnnthannduringnanyno

therntimenthenday.

Withnregardntonthisnobservation,nthenstatementn“Malesnthatnreceivenan‘carenpackage’nofnextranfoodnth endaynbeforenshouldnproducenmorensongsnduringnthendawnnhournthannthosenthatndonnotnreceivensuppl ementalnfood”nisnannexamplenof a.nancausalnquestion.

• anprediction.
• testnevidence.
• anhypothesis.

nAnswer:nb

LearningnObjective:n1.1.2nReviewnhownresearchersnusenthenscientificnmethodntontestnhypothesesnan dnpredictionsnrelatedntonanpotentiallynadaptivenbehaviorninnorderntonconsidernitsnfitnessncostsnandnben efits,nevaluatenitsnadaptivenvalue,nandnidentifynwhynitnevolved.

Bloom’snLevel:n3.nApplying

• Considernthenfollowingnobservation:nMalensongnsparrowsnsingnmorenatndawnnthannduringnanyno

therntimenthenday.

Withnregardntonthisnobservation,nthenstatementn“Whatnisnthenevolvednfunctionnofnthenpatternnofnsong nproductionnbynthensongnsparrow?”nisnannexamplenof a.nancausalnquestion.

• anprediction.
• testnevidence.
• anhypothesis.

nAnswer:na

LearningnObjective:n1.1.2nReviewnhownresearchersnusenthenscientificnmethodntontestnhypothesesnan dnpredictionsnrelatedntonanpotentiallynadaptivenbehaviorninnorderntonconsidernitsnfitnessncostsnandnben efits,nevaluatenitsnadaptivenvalue,nandnidentifynwhynitnevolved.

Bloom’snLevel:n3.nApplying

• Ifnannadaptationnisnthenproductnofnnaturalnselection,nthentraitnwill
• providenannetnreproductivengainnfornindividualsnthatnpossessnthenattribute.
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