MPH 6011 Final (Week 8 +) Questions with Complete Solutions Descriptive epidemiology (distribution) - Correct Answers ✅the observation, definitions, measurements, interpretations, and dissemination of health-related states or events by person, place, and time Answers the "who, what, when, where" Analytic epidemiology (determinants) - Correct Answers ✅finding and quantifying associations, testing hypotheses, and identifying causes of health-related states or events.Answers the "how and why"
T/F: When testing hypotheses (analytic epidemiology) we are
often interested in representative samples. - Correct Answers ✅False We are often not interested in representative samples but wanting to maximize our ability to test our hypothesis.Representative sample - Correct Answers ✅simple random sample Purposive sample - Correct Answers ✅selection on exposure or disease status and/or other characteristics 1 / 4
MPH 6011 Final (Week 8 +) Questions with Complete Solutions Experiment - Correct Answers ✅an operation repeated under stable conditions and results in any one set of outcomes *best for establishing cause-effect relationships and for evaluating the efficacy of prevention and therapeutic interventions allows for testing a specific hypothesis, can control levels of exposure, establish time sequence of events, control for confounding by randomly assigning participants to study groups, reduce bias due to blinding to intervention group
T/F: Random assignment makes intervention and control
groups look as similar as possible. - Correct Answers ✅True What are 3 advantages of randomization? - Correct Answers ✅1) Eliminates conscious bias due to physician or patient selection 2) Averages out unconscious bias due to unknown factors 3) Groups are alike on average What are some of the disadvantages associated with randomization? - Correct Answers ✅1) Ethical issues 2) Interferes with the doctor-patient relationship 2 / 4
MPH 6011 Final (Week 8 +) Questions with Complete Solutions Bias - Correct Answers ✅Systematic error in collection of (study design or conduct) or interpretation (analysis or interpretation) of epidemiological data Results in inaccurate estimation of the association between exposure and disease Non-differential exposure misclassification - Correct Answers ✅random misclassification; occurred same amount for D+ and D- biases the association towards the null Differential exposure misclassification - Correct Answers ✅non-random misclassification; one group (D+ or D-) experiences more exposure misclassification observed RR may be closer/further from null Strategies of measurement - Correct Answers ✅-personal interview -self-administered questionnaire -diary -observation 3 / 4
MPH 6011 Final (Week 8 +) Questions with Complete Solutions -records -physical/chemical measurement of person -physical/chemical measurement of environment Cohort - Correct Answers ✅A group of people; group moves through successive time periods in life As group ages, health and vital statistics change Identified based on time, geography, exposure characteristics Prospective (concurrent) cohort - Correct Answers ✅primary data collection, investigator identifies the study population at the beginning of the study and has no control over what data is collected Not randomly assigned RCTs are prospective cohort studies
T/F: All participants are disease free (purposive sample) in a
prospective cohort study. - Correct Answers ✅True
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