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MED SURG 1 FINAL EXAM
QUESTIONS AND ANSWER S WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS 1 00%
CORRECT ANSWER S
Question : Where is the best place to begin to select a
vein for an initial intravenous (IV) site in a left-handed patient?Right forearm Antecubital vein of the left arm Left forearm Antecubital vein of the right arm CORRECT ANSWER : Right Forearm RATIONALE: Unless other reasons are identified, IV sites should be started in the most distal portion of the nondominant arm or hand.
Question : A nurse assesses an area where an intravenous
(IV) line had been recently removed. The area has redness, swelling, and warmth. What should the nurse suspect as the cause?
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Blood loss and hemorrhage Embolus from the former catheter Inflammation and possible phlebitis Infiltration and air embolus
CORRECT ANSWER : Inflammation and possible
phlebitis RATIONALE: IV sites may show signs of
inflammation or infection or both after an IV line has been removed.
Question : The K+ laboratory report shows a level of 5.2
mEq/L. What is the most important assessment for the nurse to make?Excessive thirst Frightening hallucinations Irregular heartbeat Swelling of ankles
CORRECT ANSWER : Irregular heartbeat
RATIONALE: Arrhythmias can be triggered by
hyperkalemia.
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Question : A small child is hospitalized with severe
metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours earlier. In addition to providing reassurance to the patient, which nursing action is the most appropriate?Inducing vomiting Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic status Taking daily weights and vital signs
CORRECT ANSWER : Frequently assessing the mental
and neurologic status RATIONALE: The baby aspirin
was ingested too long ago to have vomiting or stomach aspiration be of any use. The child requires frequent assessment of neurologic function because the child may need mechanical ventilation.
Question : When the water absorption in the renal tubules
becomes greater than normal, what assessment finding should a nurse anticipate?Less concentrated urine More concentrated urine Less alkaline urine
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More alkaline urine
CORRECT ANSWER : More concentrated urine
RATIONALE: When more water is kept back in the
body, the water left to form urine is less; therefore, the urine is more concentrated.
Question : A patient has renal damage because of
diabetes. What is the highest risk for this patient?Hypokalemia Hypercalcemia Hyperkalemia Hypocalcemia CORRECT ANSWER : Hyperkalemia RATIONALE: When the renal system cannot rid the body of enough K+, this electrolyte builds up and a condition called hyperkalemia develops.
Question : A nurse understands that fluid balance is
mainly monitored in the body by which two systems?Respiratory and circulatory