Mastering Biology. Chapter 9 The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the – answer H+ concentration across the membrane holding ATP synthase.Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? - answer glycolysis What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate
- NAD+ - answer pyruvate
When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? - answer The pH of the matrix increases.Most CO2 from catabolism is released during - answer the citric acid cycle.Select the correct statement about cellular respiration. - answer Cellular respiration and breathing differ in that cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level.How will a healthy individual's ATP production change during an eight-hour fast? - answer The individual's ATP production will not change significantly.Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration? - answer The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP.In cellular respiration, a series of molecules forming an electron transport chain alternately accepts and then donates electrons. What is the advantage of such an electron transport chain? - answerThe advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.Identify all correct statements about the basic function of fermentation.Select all that apply. - answerThe basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD+, which allows continued ATP production by glycolysis.Which of the following cheeses would likely spoil the most quickly? - answerA low fat, low salt variety. 1 / 3
You create a new variety of cheese that has very little water. Which of the following is true? - answerIt is quite high in fat.You are a cheese maker wanting to connect a large quantity of lactose to acid. Which of the following do you need? - answerbacteria Successfully making cheese requires separating what? - answercurds and whey Which of the following is true? - answerA high fat cheese is less dense than a low fat cheese.Based on the graph, is PFK more active at low or high ATP concentration? - answerPFK is more active at low ATP concentration.Given what you know about glycolysis and regulation of metabolism by PFK, what is the likely mechanism by which PFK activity differs depending on ATP concentration? - answerPFK is an allosteric enzyme that is inhibited by ATP and stimulated by AMP.In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions - answerprovide the energy that establishes the proton gradient.The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is - answeroxygen.What process occurs in structure H? - answerphotosynthesis What molecules belong in space A and B? - answerglucose and oxygen What organelle is indicated by the letter C? - answermitochondrion What molecules belong in spaces E and F? - answercarbon dioxide and water What process occurs in Box A? - answerglycolysis What process occurs within Box B? - answerthe citric acid cycle What molecule is indicated by the letter D? - answeroxygen Which term describes the degree to which an element attracts electrons? - answerElectronegativity.Which terms describe two atoms when they form a bond in which electrons are completely transferred from one atom to the other? - answerAnion and cation. 2 / 3
Which of the following statements is true of the bonds in a water molecule? - answerOxygen holds electrons more tightly than hydrogen does, and the net charge is zero.Which of the following statements is not true of most cellular redox reactions? - answerA hydrogen atom is transferred to the atom that loses an electron.What kind of bond is formed when lithium and fluorine combine to form lithium fluoride?
- answerIonic
Gaseous hydrogen burns in the presence of oxygen to form water:
2H2 + O2 → 2H2 O + energy Which molecule is oxidized and what kind of bond is formed? - answerHydrogen, polar.Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration? - answertransforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced? - answerGlucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced.Substrate-level phosphorylation occurs _____. - answerin both glycolysis and the citric acid cycle The molecule that functions as the reducing agent (electron donor) in a redox or oxidation-reduction reaction _____. - answerloses electrons and loses potential energy When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom, what happens? The more electronegative atom is _____. - answerreduced, and energy is released Which of the listed statements describes the results of the following reaction?C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy - answerC6H12O6 is oxidized and O2 is reduced.When a glucose molecule loses a hydrogen atom as the result of an oxidation-reduction reaction, the molecule becomes _____. - answeroxidized When a molecule of NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) gains a hydrogen atom (not a proton), the molecule becomes _____. - answerreduced Which of the following statements about NAD+ is true? - answerNAD+ is reduced to NADH during glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the citric acid cycle.
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