LSUS MHA 707 Exam D – Questions With Solutions Opening of 20th Century Correct Ans - · Drs were solo practitioners · Hospitals were single, independent entities, mostly non-profit · Long-term care for the elderly was largely home-based · Pharmaceuticals & medical device manufacturing was a small business · Healthcare was a minor part of economy Founding of American Medical Association (AMA) Correct Ans - 1847 American Medical Association (AMA) Correct Ans - · Established standards for preliminary medical education for the degree of MD · Code of Medical Ethics · Recommended use of anesthetic agents for surgery/obstetrics · Noted dangers of secret remedies (snake oil) & patent medicines · Recommended state govs register births, marriages, & deaths Advances making practice of med more successful in treating health problems Correct Ans - · Improvements in surgery made during Civil War (toilets downstream from Army's campsite) · Application to medicine advances in bacteriology by scientists such as Louis Pasteur (ability to control infections - leading cause of death at the time) Demand for therapeutics fueled by Civil War Correct Ans - ·
Provided start for some of largest names in modern pharma industry:
Wyeth, Pfizer, Squibb 1 / 3
Found of U.S. Nursing Corps (professional nursing) Correct Ans - 1861 (19th century) Development of Ambulance Corps during Civil War Correct Ans - · Created ambulance-to-ER system we know today · Estab. Hierarchy of tx stations to type of hospital facilities Association of Hospital Superintendents became Correct Ans - · American Hospital Association (AHA) Founding of Association of Hospital Superintendents Correct Ans - 1899 Adoption of the Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death Correct Ans - 1900 Bertillon or International List of Causes of Death Correct Ans - · Predecessor of International Classification of Diseases (ICD) · Brought some standards & criteria in the study of diseases Both public & private sectors were involved in Correct Ans - · Providing health care coverage · Building the American health care infrastructure Access to health care for members of military, vets, & family had become a public sector initiative Correct Ans - 1811 1910 Correct Ans - · Early forerunners of health insurance plans appeared as "prepaid" group practices · Plan members paid monthly premium & received a wide range of medical services throughout exclusive group of providers 1929 Correct Ans - · BC plans were established to provide "prepaid" hospital care to workers in Dallas Public School system 2 / 3
· Created by Baylor BCBS developed nationwide due to Correct Ans - · U.S. entering WW2 w/ caps on wages BCBS unified Correct Ans - 1940s BCBS together served Correct Ans - · 24M, 81 hospital plans, 44 med plans By 1960s BC had Correct Ans - · 52M By 1960s BS had Correct Ans - · 40M BCBS covered what percent Fed employees Correct Ans - · 33% BCBS offered by Correct Ans - · Voluntary, nonprofit companies · Estab. As charitable & benevolent organizations BCBS used what to set prices for their products Correct Ans - · Community Rating Why did BCBS use Community Rating? Correct Ans - · Data too poor to do anything else Community Rating refers to Correct Ans - · Insurance pricing whereby everyone in same geographic area pays same premium · Regardless of health status, age, gender, family composition, occupation, health behaviors such as smoking, or claims hx Experience Rating Correct Ans - · Tailors policies & premiums to particular group or individual · Premiums based on person's claims, health status, & risk of future claims as indicated by their age, gender, health behaviors, & so forth
- / 3