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LES 305 EXAM 1 CLARK UPDATED EXAM
QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER S
### Ethics
Question: What is Ethics?
The correct Answer is Manner by which one lives one's life according to a standard of right or wrong behavior - In both how one thinks and behaves towards others and how one would like them to think and behave towards others.
Question: What are the Factors That Influence Ethics?
The correct Answer is One's upbringing, One's religion, One's social traditions and beliefs, Society (Structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs).
Question: How is Understanding Right and Wrong defined?
The correct Answer is Moral Standards: Principles by which
judgments are made about good and bad behavior based on: 1.
Religious Beliefs, 2. Cultural Beliefs (Culture: Particular set of
attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals), 3. Philosophical Beliefs.
Question: What are the Sources of Beliefs?
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The correct Answer is Family and friends, Ethnic Background, Religion, School, Media, Personal role models and mentors, Morality (Collection of influences built over a person's life).**Sources add up to morality.
Question: How Should One Live?
The correct Answer is Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis from everyone around, Ethical behavior can be based on religious morality or experience of human existence, Morals and values (Set of personal principles by which one aims to live one's life), Value System (Set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior).
Question: What is Intrinsic Value?
The correct Answer is Quality by which a value is a good thing in itself -> Pursued for its own sake, whether anything comes
from that pursuit or not (Ex: happiness, health, self-respect).
Question: What is Instrumental Value?
The correct Answer is Quality by which the pursuit of one's
value is a good way to reach another value (Ex: money is valued
for what it can buy rather than for itself).
Question: What are Value Conflicts?
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The correct Answer is Impact of a value system on individuals is how much their daily lives are influenced by those values, Occur when one is presented with a situation that places one's value system in direct conflict with an action, Personal Value System (Specific choices and responses to a situation by an individual).
Question: What is The Golden Rule?
The correct Answer is Do unto others as you would have them do unto you, Problem with the rule is the assumption that others would follow the same principles as one would do.
Question: What are the Ethical Theories mentioned?
The correct Answer is Virtue Ethics, Utilitarianism, Universal Ethics.
Question: What is Virtue Ethics?
The correct Answer is Living one's life according to a
commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal, Criticism:
societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.
Question: What is Utilitarianism?
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The correct Answer is Ethical choices that offer the greatest
good for the greatest number of people, Criticism: idea that the
ends justify the means.
Question: What is Universal Ethics?
The correct Answer is Actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral idea rather than based on the needs of the situation (Universal principles are seen to apply to
everyone, everywhere, all the time), Criticism: Reverse of the
weakness in ethics for the greater good.
Question: What is Ethical Relativism?
The correct Answer is Traditions of one's society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles, Implies some degree of flexibility as opposed to strict black and white rules, Offers the comfort of being a part of the ethical majority in the community or society.
Question: What are Ethical Dilemmas?
The correct Answer is Situations where there are no obvious right or wrong decisions, but rather a right or right Answer , Occurs when the decision one must make requires one to make a
right choice knowing full well that one is: leaving an equally
right choice undone or likely to suffer something bad as a result