BIOD322 / BIOD 322 Module 4 (Latest Update 2025 / 2026) Neuroscience | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Portage Learning
Sensory Systems
Question:
What are the first cells in the neuronal visual perception pathway?
Answer:
Photoreceptors
Question:
Light will travel posteriorly, whereas neuronal communication travel anteriorly from photoreceptors. Describe the pathway light takes
Answer:
Retina → Photoreceptors → Bipolar cells → Ganglion cells
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Question:
Photons of light and converted into neurotransmitter for release. What is this process called?
Answer:
Phototransduction
Question:
Which two cells allow for communication laterally between the neuron layers
Answer:
Horizontal and Amacrine cells
Question:
Cones vs Rods
Answer:
Cones- high sensitivity to color and detail, less photopigments, not as sensitive to light Rods- high sensitivity to dim light (more rods), contain more photopigments, peripheral vision
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Question:
Cones are heavily concentrated in the fovea. Name the three types of cones, their wavelength, and color associated with their wavelength
Answer:
S-cones: 420nm violet light
M-cones: 530nm green light
L-cones: 560nm red light
Question:
The idea that humans have two different cellular populations and circuits that are used in visual perception and the current understanding of how the visual system perceives light; what does this theory say about rods and cones?
Answer:
Duplicity theory of vision | Suggests that both rods and cones are used simultaneously and complement each other
Question:
Photopic vs scotopic vision
Answer:
Photopic: daytime vision, cones, high acuity sight
Scotopic: nighttime vision, rods, low-light conditions
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Question:
Photoreceptors do not fire action potentials; they respond to light changes with what?
Despite this, the photoreceptors still release what neurotransmitter onto the bipolar cells.
Answer:
Graded receptor potentials | Glutamate
Question:
Do photoreceptors hyperpolarize in the light or dark? Depolarize?
Answer:
Hyper - Light Depo - Dark
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