WGU D116 Advanced Pharmacology Unit 3 Latest Update 2024-2025 Exam Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
A mnemonic is commonly used to remember the signs and symptoms of antimuscarinic
(anticholinergic) toxicity. - CORRECT ANSWER: Hot as a hare (hyperthermia)
Dry as a bone (dry eyes, dry mouth, dry skin) Red as a beet (flushed face) Blind as a bat (mydriasis) Mad as a hatter (delirium)
Anticholinergic drugs - CORRECT ANSWER: Benztropine
Oxybutynin ATropine Scopolamine
Anticholinergics (muscarinic antagonists) - CORRECT ANSWER: Inhibit effects of
Acetylcholine on Muscarinic Receptors
Atropine (prototype) - CORRECT ANSWER: a muscarinic antagonist that has numerous uses. It is often used as cycloplegic and dilates the pupils. It is also used in cases of bradycardia (blocks actions of the vagus nerve). Used for reversal of organophosphate poisoning and helps decrease secretions and bronchoconstriction
Benztropine (Cogentin) - CORRECT ANSWER: A muscarinic antagonist that acts on
the CNS, and can be used together with levodopa therapy for Parkinson's patients. It is often used for parkinsonian symptoms which can accompany antipsychotic medications
Bethanechol (Urecholine) (prototype) - CORRECT ANSWER: A direct-acting muscarinic agonist. The drug binds reversibly to muscarinic cholinergic receptors to cause activation. At therapeutic doses, bethanechol acts selectively at muscarinic receptors, having little or no effect on nicotinic receptors, either in ganglia or in skeletal muscle.
Cevimeline (Evoxac) - CORRECT ANSWER: A derivative of acetylcholine with actions much like those of bethanechol. The drug relieves xerostomia (dry mouth) in patients with Sjögren syndrome, an autoimmune disorder. Relieves dry mouth by activating muscarinic receptors on residual healthy tissue in salivary glands, thereby promoting salivation.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER: Drugs that prevent the degradation of acetylcholine by acetylcholinesterase (also known simply as cholinesterase).Cholinesterase inhibitors are also known as anticholinesterase drugs. By preventing the breakdown of acetylcholine, cholinesterase inhibitors increase the amount of acetylcholine available to activate receptors, thus enhancing cholinergic action.
- / 1