Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers

2024 NAVLE VTNE Pain Management and Analgesia Latest Questions With Complete Grade A Answers

1. The veterinary technician can play an important role in pain management by:

• Monitoring urine and fecal output
• Changing the medication when it is ineffective
• Communicating directly with the clinician about particular concerns
• Directing the veterinary assistant to provide medications

Answer: c.

• Which of the following characteristics do cats exhibit when they are experiencing pain?
• Sleeping continuously, overeating, and attention-seeking behaviors
• Resentment of being handled, aggression, and abnormal posture
• Hyperactivity, pupillary enlargement, and tail swishing
• Hypotension, hypocapnia, hypopnea, and bradycardia

Answer: b.

• During hospitalization, how often should a pain assessment be perfomed?
• Every 4-6 hours
• Every 30 minutes to 1 hour
• Every 12-24 hours
• Every 8 hours

Answer: a.

• When a veterinary technician is trying to distinguish pain from dysphoria, which of the

following would the technician do?

• Place the patient on comfortable blankets
• Speak in low tones and interacting with animal makes the patient feel better, but behaviors

resume when interaction stops

• Move the animal to a different ward
• Reverse the analgesic medication

Answer: b.

• Which guidelines have elevated pain to the fourth vital sign?
• American College of Veterinary Anesthesiologist's Pain Management Guide- lines
• The international Veterinary Academy of Pain Management's Guidelines
• AAHA/AAFP Pain Management Guidelines for Dogs and Cats
• The AVMA Pain Management Guidelines

Answer: c.

6. Nociception is defined as:

• The activity in the peripheral pathway that transmits and processes information about the 1 / 4

stimulus to the brain

• A normal response to tissue damage
• Pain without apparent biological origin that has persisted beyond the nor- mal tissue

healing time

• Any stimuli to the affected area that would normally be innocuous that become

noxious

Answer: a.

• What is the correct sequence of steps to the pain pathway?
• Transduction, transmission, modulation, perception
• Modulation, Transduction, perception, transmission
• Transduction, modulation, transmission, perception
• Transmission, transduction, modulation, perception

Answer: a.

• Which of the following describes "wind-up"?
• Increase in the excitability of spinal neurons, mediated in part by the activation of

NMDA receptors in dorsal horn neurons

• It occurs when tissue inflammation leads to the release of a complex array of chemical

mediators, resulting in reduced nociceptor thresholds

• When brief trauma or noxious stimulus result in physiological pain
• The perceived increase in pain intensity with time when a given painful stimulus is

delivered repeatedly in excess of a critical rate

Answer: d.

• Which of the following is an example of an opioid agonist?
• Butorphanol
• Naloxone
• Morphine
• Buprenorphine

Answer: c.

10. Prostaglandins play an important role in:

• Production of endorphins
• Mammalian cardiovascular physiology
• Production of leukotrienes
• Mammalian renal physiology

Answer: d.

• Which of the following is an NMDA antagonist medication?
• Ketamine
• Lidocaine 2 / 4

• Meperidine
• Dexmedetomidine

Answer: a.

• Which of the following classes of drugs would include gabapentin?
• Corticosteroids
• Sodium channel blockers
• Antiepileptics
• Nutraceuticals

Answer: c.

• An example of an agent that is only administered topically and provides analgesia is:
• Buprenorphine
• EMLA cream
• Bupivicaine
• Fentanyl

Answer: b.

• Which of the following statements can apply to an intratesticular block?
• Intratesticular blocks can only be used in large animal patients
• Intratesticular blocks can be used in canine and feline orchiectomies
• Intratesticular blocks require the use of a vaporizer
• Intratesticular blocks should never be performed on veterinary patients

Answer: b.

• Many veterinary technicians are asked to calculate and administer constant rate infusions,

as patients can benefit immensely. Which of the following statements is not a benefit of a CRI?

• CRIs provide a more stable plane of analgesia with less incidence of breakthrough

pain

• CRIs provide greater control over drug administration
• CRIs allow a lower dose of drug to be delivered at any given time, resulting in a lower

incidence of dose-related side effects

• CRIs allow the veterinary technician to leave the practice for the evening while

administering medication continuously

Answer: d.

• Massage is an example of which type of rehabilitation technique?
• Manual therapy
• Effleurage techniques
• Physical modalities
• Therapeutic exercise

Answer: a. 3 / 4

• What is a benefit of cryotherapy?
• Decreased metabolism so patient is less hungry
• Decreased production of pain mediators, leading to analgesia
• Prevention of hyperthermia
• Useful 2-3 weeks post injury

Answer: b.

• Which of the following describes a myfascial trigger point?
• A point in the muscle at which a reflex can be elicited
• A transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation
• A painful area of sustained muscle contraction that cannot easily self-re- lease
• A technique where needles are used to pierce the skin at certain points to bring about a

physiologic change to treat or prevent disease

Answer: c.

• Visceral pain is quite common among companion animals. Which of the following is

not an example of visceral pain?

• Pancreatitis
• Gastroenteritis
• Bowel ischemia
• Osteosarcoma

Answer: d.

• Which of the following are three examples that are all considered chronic pain diseases?
• Lymphoma, diabetes, GDV
• Osteoarthritis, IVDD, cancer
• Respiratory infection, cardiac disease, blocked cat
• Broken leg, bronchitis, hypertension

Answer: b.

• Veterinary technicians that advocate for pain management are most close- ly compared to

what group of nurses?

• Orthopedic nurses
• Psychiatric nurses
• Human neonatal and pediatric nurses
• Emergency and critical care nurses

Answer: c.

• Which of the following is essential for good communication between veterinarians and

veterinary technician who are working in pain management?

• Knowing each other's routine and what is regularly done for patients
• Knowledge of the physiology of pain and the pharmacology of analgesics
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