2024 CPPS 303 - Metabolic Disorders 1 Latest Questions & Answers | Graded A+ Solved 100% Correct
- What are major sources of energy for the human body?
Answer: Glucose and fatty acids
- The metabolism of , , and are intertwined and
regulated?
Answer: glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol
- What happens to excessive lipids?
Answer: Secreted in lipoproteins Stored in lipid droplets
- What happens if there is a disruption of glucose and lipid homeostasis?
Answer: - diseases like diabetes, obesity, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome,
cardiovascular disease, fatty liver
- What are the characteristics of Type I diabetes mellitus (T1DM)?
Answer:
Autoimmune disease Pancreatic islet beta-cell destruction
Absolute insulin deficiency: insulin secretion defects
- What are the characteristics of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM)?
Answer:
Insulin resistance (relative insulin deficiency) Beta-cell dysfunction (failure of beta-cells to compensate insulin resistance) Disposition index = insulin sensitivity x insulin secretion
- What is a healthy disposition index?
Answer: Hyperbolic relationship between insulin secretion and sensitivity; insulin resistance is accompanied by na concomitant increase in insulin secretion; constant
- What is a diabetic disposition index?
Answer: Insulin secretion fails to compensate insulin resistance; decreased DI
- What is the treatment end goal for Type II diabetes?
Answer: Reduce glucose production & increase glucose disposal
- What are the two types of medication for Type II diabetes?
Answer: Insulin sensitization & insulin secretagogues 1 / 2
- What do alpha-glucosidase inhibitors do?
Answer: Reduce glucose uptake in the gut
- What is insulin & analogues?
Answer: Late stage T2D with insulin deficiency (loss of beta-cell)
- What is i=a insulin secretagogues?
Answer: sulphonylurea: stimulate insulin secretion
- What do insulin sensitizers do?
Answer:
Suppress glucose production in the liver (metformin) Stimulate glucose uptake in muscle and fat (Thiazolidinediones, TZDs)
- What are GLP-1 receptor agonists?
Answer:
Insulin secretagogue Insulin sensitization Weight benefits & CVD benefits
- What are DPP-4 inhibitors?
Answer: Increases activities of endogenous GLP-1, with- out the weight benefits of
GLP-1RA
- What are the SGLT2 inhibitors?
Answer: Increase glucose excretion in urine other benefits: weight loss, lower blood pressure, CVD benefits
- What is body mass index (BMI)?
Answer: A number that represents a weight-to-height ratio
- What is considered an obese BMI?
Answer: > or equal to 30
- What are monogenic causes (rare) or obesity?
Answer: Mutations in the leptin gene, or in melanocortin receptor MC4R
- Is the polygenic cause of obesity common or rare?
Answer: common
- What are key strategies for preventing obesity?
- / 2
Answer: healthy food options, in- creasing physical activity