Irene Gold PT Review Notes Complete Guide

Irene Gold PT Review Notes – Complete Guide Cardiovascular Fitness Definition ✔️Ans - - Aerobic exercise = vigorous exercise that results in oxygen consumption (from 50-80% max) and HR (from 60-90% max) maintains this level for at least 15-20 minutes

• Aerobic exercises refers to cyclic movements caused by contraction of large

muscle masses relying on aerobic energy pathways Target HR Equation ✔️Ans - 220 beats/min - 20 (age) = 200 - 60 (estimated max heart rate) - 60 (resting heart rate) = 140 x 0.75 (for heart rate range from 0.6 to 0.9) + 60 (resting heart rate) = 185 (target heart rate) Williams Approach ✔️Ans - - Premise is that cause of most low back pain is acquired by walking upright in a straight position

• Williams states that normal posture is with knees bent and torso slightly

bent foward

• All activities should be geared to reducing lumbar lordosis

McKenzie approach ✔️Ans - - Spinal assessment and therapy based on behavior of pain and mechanical response to dynamic and static loading Pain Syndromes ✔️Ans - - Postural...end range stress of normal structures

• Dysfunction...end range stress leading to contracted or adherent structures
• Derangement...anatomical disruption or displacement of structure

"herniated disc" Plyometrics ✔️Ans - Based on the concept of power

• Force x Speed = Power
• Any exercise which a muscle is contracted eccentrically then immediately

concentrically

• Example is a push-up with a clap in between

Plyoemetrics - Exercise technique ✔️Ans - Exercises that enable a muscle to reach maximal force in the shortest time Movements

• Jumps 1 / 3

• Hops
• Bounds
• Box Drills
• Depth Jumps
• Use a pre-stretch countermovement that involves the stretch-shortening

cycle (SSC_

• phases of SSC
• Eccentric
• Amortization
• Concentric

Acute Care Management ✔️Ans - - First 4 weeks Recover Care Management ✔️Ans - - After 4 weeks Chronic phase ✔️Ans - - After 12 weeks Open Chain Exercises ✔️Ans - Exercises performed typically where the hand or foot is free to move. These exercises are typically non-weight bearing, with the movement occurring at the elbow or knee joint. If there is any weight applied it is applied to the distal portion of the limb.

Examples:

• Bench press
• Biceps curle
• Leg extensions
• Straight leg raises

Closed Chain Exercises ✔️Ans - Exercises performed where the hand or foot is fixed and cannot move. The hand/foot remains in constant contact with the surface, usually the ground or the base of a machine. These exercises are typically weight bearing exercises, where an exerciser uses their own body weight and/or external weight.

Examples:

• Pushups
• Handstand pushups 2 / 3

• Pull ups
• Squats
• Lunges

Relationship between external demand and functional capacity ✔️Ans - The great external demand (load) -> the greater chance of injury The more functional capacity -> the her trained and less of injury Lower Crossed Syndrome ✔️Ans - - Hypertonic = erector spinae & ilipsoas

• Hypotonic = gluteus maximus & abdominis

Upper Crossed Syndrome ✔️Ans - - Hypertonic = pecs & upper trap & levator scap

• Hypotonic = deep neck flexors & lower trapezius & serratus anterior

Tight/Facilitated ✔️Ans - Tight/Facilitated muscles

• Iliopsoas
• Rectus Femoris

3. TFL

• Adductor Group
• Errector Spinae
• Gastrocnemis, Soleus

Results in...

• Anterior rotation of pelvis
• Increased lumbar lordosis
• Hips in flexion
• Knees may be hyperextended

Iliopsoas ✔️Ans - 1. Origin fixed: FLEXES hip joint by flexing femur on trunk, as in supine alternate leg-raising and may assist in lateral rotation and abduction of hip joint

2. Insertion fixed and acting bilaterally: flexes hip joint by flexing trunk on

femur, as in sit-up from supine position Rectus Femoris ✔️Ans - Quadriceps extends the knee joint and rectus femoris portion flexes the hip joint

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