Irene Gold Part 2- Principles Latest Update 400+ Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Guaranteed A+ "Gate" control theory of pain is located where? - Correct Answer: substantia gelatinosa (lamina II of the gray matter)
"gate" control theory: signals traveling on fast ____ afferent fibers greatly depress (inhibit) pain transmission which travel on ____ fibers - Correct Answer: type A alpha (1A), type C (IV)
1a efferent= - Correct Answer: alpha motor neuron
1st stage of adaptation - Correct Answer: alarm
3 phase model of instability - Correct Answer: Kirkaldy-Willis
3rd stage of GAS - Correct Answer: exhaustion
- signs of inflammation - Correct Answer: heat, redness, swelling, pain, loss of function
21 ligaments connecting pia to dura along the spinal cord - Correct Answer: dentate ligaments
a basic chiropractic hypothesis holds that abnormal spinal biomechanics and muscle dysfunction have effects, via the nervous system, throughout the body and that the chiropractic adjustment is applied not only to restore ROM and alignment, but also to cause or relieve reflex effects in the nervous system - Correct Answer: neurological reflex models
a nerve supplying a joint also supplies the muscles which the joint and the skin covering the articular insertion of those muscles - Correct Answer: Hilton's law
a process whereby the part of the axon that is separated from the neural cell body
disintegrates distal to the injury - Correct Answer: wallerian degeneration
a progressive deformation of a structure under a constant, steadily applied load (when applied to a viscoelastic structure it immediately deforms under the load) - Correct
Answer: creep
a receptor that is sensitive to the length (stretch) of intrafusal fibers - Correct Answer: muscle spindle
a single cell connective tissue layer that adheres directly to the surface of neural tissue, including cranial and spinal rootlets - Correct Answer: pia matter 1 / 3
a stimulus to nerves or receptors related to spinal structures produces reflexive responses influencing function in the visceral orgCorrect Answer: - Correct Answer: somatovisceral reflex hypothesis
absorbs compressive shocks, forms a structural unit between VB and restricting motion
- Correct Answer: annulus fibrosus
action potentials speed are based on what 2 things - Correct Answer: diameter and degree of myelination
adjustments inhibit what - Correct Answer: alpha motor neurons (innervate skeletal muscles)
adjustments stimulate what - Correct Answer: 1b GTOs
adrenergic/epinephrine--> SNS or PNS - Correct Answer: SNS
all cases studied of SIDS show - Correct Answer: inversion of atlas
allows the avascular disc to receive nutrients and repair products - Correct Answer: cartilaginous endplate
allows the disc to adapt to stress - Correct Answer: annulus fibrosus
alters development, growth, and maintenance of cells or structures that are dependent on this trophic (growth) influence expressed via the nerve - Correct Answer: decreased axoplasmic transport
anterior boundary of the IVF - Correct Answer: VB (uncinate of cervical) and disc
any factor causing derangement of transport mechanisms in the axon could cause trophic influences to become detrimental, the alteration would produce aberrations of structure, function and metabolism thereby contributing to dysfunction and disease -
Correct Answer: Axonal aberrant-trophic model
Are C IV fibers slow or fast? - Correct Answer: slow
articular facets with mechanoreceptors and nociceptors surrounding - Correct Answer: posterior motion segment
axonotmesis leads to - Correct Answer: wallerian degeneration
Axoplasmic transport: backward moving - Correct Answer: retrograde (axoplasmic flow)
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Axoplasmic transport: brings products/wast to cell body - Correct Answer: retrograde (axoplasmic flow)
Axoplasmic transport: faster - Correct Answer: antegrade
Axoplasmic transport: forward moving cell body to terminal - Correct Answer: antegrade
Axoplasmic transport: less common - Correct Answer: retrograde (axoplasmic flow)
Axoplasmic transport: more common - Correct Answer: antegrade
Axoplasmic transport: nerve growth (trophic) - Correct Answer: antegrade
Axoplasmic transport: slower - Correct Answer: retrograde (axoplasmic flow)
biomechanical= - Correct Answer: pathophysiology
BJ palmer believes that misalignment of these vertebrae would affect any and all
functions of the body - Correct Answer: C1-C2
body plane of movement axis for the sagittal plane - Correct Answer: coronal (x)
body plane of movement axis for the sagittal plane - Correct Answer: sagittal (z)
body plane of movement axis for the transverse plane - Correct Answer: longitudinal (y)
bony exostosis (DJD) - Correct Answer: abnormal bony end feel
branches of the primary dorsal rami of the spinal nerves that innervate the fascia, ligaments, periosteum, intervertebral joints, and intervertebral disc of the vertebrae -
Correct Answer: sing-vertebral nerve
calor= - Correct Answer: heat
capsular fibrosis - Correct Answer: abnormal capsular end feel
carry unconscious proprioception - Correct Answer: spinocerebellar pathways
cellular flow of inflammatory process - Correct Answer: histopathology
central portion of the disc - Correct Answer: nucleus pulposus
check ligament= - Correct Answer: alar ligament
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