Intro to Clinical Anesthesia Final Exam

Intro to Clinical Anesthesia Final Exam Prep- Cherrie Dinger Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers) Anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅Local or general insensitivity to pain with or without the loss of consciousness, induced by an anesthetic agent What are the main components and goals of an anesthetic? - Correct Answers ✅- Potential loss of consciousness that is reversible (INDUCTION)

• Pain/sensation management (ANALGESIA)
• Provision of optimal surgical conditions (PARALYSIS/MUSCLE

RELAXANTS)

• Monitor and manage vital signs
• Amnesia

What type of amnesia do we want during anesthesia? - Correct Answers ✅Antegrade amnesia Anxiolysis - Correct Answers ✅Relief of anxiety What are the roles of an Anesthesia Provider? - Correct Answers ✅- Assess, consult and prepare patient for anesthesia

• Analgesia (insensitivity to pain)
• Monitor/restore homeostasis in peri-operative and critically

ill patients 1 / 4

Intro to Clinical Anesthesia Final Exam Prep- Cherrie Dinger Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers) What are the six main types of Anesthesia? - Correct Answers ✅- General Anesthesia

• Neuraxial blockade
• Peripheral Nerve Block
• Monitored Anesthesia Care (MAC or Sedation)
• Conscious Sedation
• Local Anesthesia

What ultimately determines a general anesthetic plan? - Correct Answers ✅When the patient has no response to a stimulus.Neuraxial Blockade - Correct Answers ✅Signals are blocked from coming and going in the nerves but numbing the nerve roots of the lower extremities and lower abdomen with local anesthetics Which drugs do you use for Neuraxial Blockades? - Correct Answers ✅Local anesthetics such a Lidocaine (all the - caines) Why is Epinephrine often used in conjunction with a neuraxial blockade? - Correct Answers ✅To cause vasoconstriction - 2 / 4

Intro to Clinical Anesthesia Final Exam Prep- Cherrie Dinger Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers) this increases the time of the blockade since more blood flow = more removal of the drugs Why are Opioids often used with a neuraxial blockade? - Correct Answers ✅Pain control for after the surgery Indications for use of a Neuraxial Blockade? - Correct Answers ✅- Obstetrics

• Life threatening pulmonary disease (unlikely to wake up

after coming down)

• History of Malignant Hyperthermia
• Pain Management
• History of narcotic abuse

Why would you chose to perform a neuraxial blockade for patients with a history of narcotic abuse? - Correct Answers ✅Continued use of narcotics creates a tolerance to use of other Opioids - by using a block, you are managing pain through another means (aka blocking the signals from reaching the brain) Contraindications for use of a Neuraxial Blockade? - Correct Answers ✅- Patient refusal

• Infection at injection site
• Coagulopathy/ blood thinners 3 / 4

Intro to Clinical Anesthesia Final Exam Prep- Cherrie Dinger Exam Questions and Answers (Solved Papers)

• Pre-existing neurological diseases (already has tingling in

legs)

• Cardiac disease of hypovolemia (cutting the path to

increase blood pressure)

• Extensive spinal or vertebral surgery

Complications for use of a Neuraxial Blockade? - Correct Answers ✅- Post-Dural-Puncture Headache

• Infection
• Hematoma
• Nerve damage and paralysis
• "High Spinal" (anesthetic goes too high)
• "Total Spinal" (epidural anesthetic injected into CSF)

Post-Dural-Puncture Headache - Correct Answers ✅Caused by a leakage of CSF after spinal surgery.Increased pressure on the brain by a decrease of fluid surrounding your brain. More present when standing versus laying down What is achieved with neuraxial anesthesia? - Correct Answers ✅- Motor blockade

• Sensory blockade
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