INP midterm reviewquestions

INP midterm review/questions Surgical consent - Correct Answers ✅- pt must be fully alert and aware of what is contains when signing

• done by surgeon
• protects health care facility and caregivers/ and from

unwanted procedures

Restrictions:

• minor ( unless legally emancipated )
• LOC must be fully alert and awake
• No meds that could alter cognition
• Mental competance; no dementia or psychotic pts
• Intoxication/street drugs

General anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅- loss of sensation with loss of consciousness

• skeletal muscle relaxation
• analgesia
• elimination of somatic, autonomic, and endocrine responses

(cough, vomiting, sympathetic nervous system)

• acts on CNS, causing loc, sensation, reflexes, pain
• drug combinations achieve these effects without excessive

CNS depression

Complications: 1 / 4

INP midterm review/questions

• coughing
• laryngospasm
• bronchospasm
• increased secretions
• resp depression

Conscious Sedation anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅- retains person's ability to maintain own airway and respond appropriately to commands

• achieves level of emotional and physical acceptance of

painful procedures

• midazolam (amnesia) and fentanyl(pain)
• used for reduction of joints/bones and in certain procedures

Regional anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅- loss of sensation in body region without loss of consciousness when specific nerve or group of nerves is blocked with administration of local anesthetic

• epidural/spinal
• numbs 1/2 body
• observe closely for signs of ANS blockade; bradycardia,

hypotension, N/V, increased incidence of headache associated with spinal anesthetisia

• monitor for nerve damage and return of sensation 2 / 4

INP midterm review/questions

Local anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅Local: may be

administered topically, by local infiltration, and by nerve blocking techniques

• loss of sensation without loss of consciousness
• topically, little systemic absorption, rapid recovery, little

residual hangover, possible discomfort, hypotension, tachycardia

- Complications: toxicity, tissue damage, allergic reactions

• intracutaneously, SC
• Eg. lidocaine

Nerve Block - Correct Answers ✅Anesthetic is injected, often to a group of nerves, called a plexus or ganglion, that affects a specific organ or body region

• trigeminal nerve blocks; face
• opthalmic nerve block; eyelids and scalp
• supraorbital nerve block; forehead
• brachial plexus block, elbow block, and wrist block;

shoulder, arm, hand, elbow and wrist

• femoral blocks; the affected hip and leg; knee sx, hipsx,

caution with ambulation Spinal anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅- injection of agent into CSF in subarachnoid space

• usually L2 and below, cant move or feel their legs
• may become hypotensive from vasodilation 3 / 4

INP midterm review/questions

• usually bupivacaine or lidocaine
• dermatones
• monitor post op

Monitor:

• resp distress

- ax for drainage: CSF, dangerous, headaches and other

symptoms

• ax site for hematoma, can cause compressed BV and nerve
• ax for itchiness; side effect of diphenhydramine
• ax for urinary retention
• keep person in supine position for first few hours; keeps CSF

circulating, reps Side effects of spinal anesthetic - Correct Answers ✅- postdural puncture headache; CSF leaks, lay down supine

• itchiness
• hypotension d/t increased venous relaxation and decreased

peripheral vascular resistance resulting in decreased cardiac output

• urinary retention

Dissociative anesthesia - Correct Answers ✅- interrupts brain pathways while blocking sensory

• client appears catatonic
• / 4