INP Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What is an ARO? - Correct Answers ✅An organism that has become resistant to antibiotics What are some ways to prevent AROs? - Correct Answers ✅Wash hands, get vaccinated, store and handle food safely, practice safe sex What are some causes of AROs? (3) - Correct Answers ✅Overuse of antimicrobials, overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics, poor medication compliance What does MRSA stand for?How is it spread?How is it treated? (1 medication) - Correct Answers ✅Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus Spread by contact
Treated: Vancomycin (and others)
What does VRE stand for?How is it spread?How is it treated? - Correct Answers ✅Vancomycin Resistant Enterococci Spread by contact
Treatment: new Vancomycin-like medications 1 / 4
INP Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Enterococci are bacteria commonly found in the ____ _____ (2 words) of 95% of healthy people It can also be found in ____ ____ ____ ____ (4 more places) - Correct Answers ✅GI Tract Vagina, oral cavity, perineal area and upper respiratory tract What does ESBL stand for?ESBL is a bacterial enzyme with the ability to do what?ESBL enzymes are most commonly produced by ____ (a virus)
- Correct Answers ✅Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase
Breaks down antibiotics Produced by E. coli What is C. Diff?Signs and symptoms?Treatment? - Correct Answers ✅Clostridium Difficile - antibiotic associated diarrhea
S/S: watery diarrhea, stool that contains mucus and blood,
fever, anorexia, nausea, abdo pain Treatment: discontinue antibiotics and substitute for another 2 / 4
INP Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What does CPO stand for? - Correct Answers ✅Carbapenemase Producing Organisms What is an adjuvant?What is an example of an adjuvant? - Correct Answers ✅A medication that is not primarily designed to control pain but can be used for this purpose
Ex: anti-anxiety, anti-seizure
What is chronic pain?
What is acute pain? - Correct Answers ✅Chronic: pain that
lasts more than 3 months
Acute: pain that lasts less than 3 months
What is somatic pain?
What is visceral pain? - Correct Answers ✅Somatic: arising
from skin, muscle or joint damage
Visceral: arising from internal organs
What are some examples of NSAIDs? - Correct Answers ✅Aspirin, Celecoxib (Celebrex), Diclofenac (Voltaren), Ibuprofen (Advil) What is an example of a non-opioid analgesic? (1) - Correct Answers ✅Acetaminophen (Tylenol) 3 / 4
INP Final Exam Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What are some examples of opioids? - Correct Answers ✅Fentanyl, Hydromorphone (Dilaudid), Morphine What are some potential complications of general anesthesia? - Correct Answers ✅Aspiration of stomach contents, cardiac irregularities, decreased cardiac output, hypotension, hypothermia, hypoxia, respiratory depression What are some potential complications of nerve block? - Correct Answers ✅Nerve damage, respiratory distress, GI upset, accidental delivery to blood stream, pain or infection from injection What are some potential complications of an epidural/spinal anesthesia? - Correct Answers ✅Hypotension, hypothermia, injury to the spinal cord, injury to numb legs, respiratory paralysis, spinal headache What are some potential complications of conscious sedation? - Correct Answers ✅Breathing problems, hypoxia, hypercapnia, allergic reaction, anaphylaxis What are some potential complications of patient controlled anesthesia (PCA)? - Correct Answers ✅Untreated pain, equipment malfunctioning
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