HPHY 212 midterm/final Exam Questions and Answers Control groups are - Correct Answers ✅needed for a baseline for comparison, no treatment, placebo Control variables - Correct Answers ✅rule out alternative factors Confounding variables - Correct Answers ✅factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the independent variable Dependent variable - Correct Answers ✅The outcome factor; the variable that may change in response to manipulations of the independent variable.Independent variable - Correct Answers ✅The experimental factor that is manipulated; the variable whose effect is being studied.Why do we peer review? - Correct Answers ✅New scientific knowledge and process needs to be vetted by experts.Trusted form of scientific information
Peer review process - Correct Answers ✅Manuscript :
-get edits -submitted to journal for publication 1 / 3
HPHY 212 midterm/final Exam Questions and Answers -author (most work)-pi-contributors -then the paper is sent to 3-5 experts in the field to be reviewed by the editor -2-4 weeks to review manuscript- then makes a recommendation -3 options (accept manuscript as it is, choose for the author to revise the work, reject paper) -Author is blind to reviewers, reviewers do not speak to one another -Production team cannot reject once approved -Revisions are sent to the editor and then to the author -Author does not get compensation Advantages of the peer review process - Correct Answers ✅trusted/accurate work, a lot of info in one spot (specific), mistakes are caught, standardized process, limits bias Disadvantages of the peer review process - Correct Answers ✅time, losing rights to your own work, some bias, expensive for authors, no quantitative indicators of quality, different standards (reviewers, journals) What does open access mean? - Correct Answers ✅Free, immediate, research articles, online, availability, re-use rights 2 / 3
HPHY 212 midterm/final Exam Questions and Answers Levels of Evidence - Correct Answers ✅Methodological quality of design Validity Applicability to patient care Strength of evidence - Correct Answers ✅meta-analysis systematic review review random-controlled trial cohort-case control case report expert opinion
(MSRRCCE)
Reviews include - Correct Answers ✅meta-analysis systematic review review Scientific studies include - Correct Answers ✅random controlled trial cohort case-control
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