HPHY 212 Final Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) What does it mean to think scientifically? - Correct Answers ✅- questioning and problem solving
- learn through experimentation
- subject your ideas and beliefs to testing
- consider alternate explanations
- be open to the idea that you are wrong
Steps of the Scientific Method (OQHEACR) - Correct Answers ✅Observation, question, hypothesis, experiment, analyze results, conclusion, report results.Dependent Variable (DV) - Correct Answers ✅Measured variable, depends on IV, output Independent Variable (IV) - Correct Answers ✅manipulated, has effect on DV, input, can have levels (group: pill/placebo, time: pre/post, sex: Male/Female, age: infant/adolescent/adult) Hypothesis - Correct Answers ✅deal with narrow set of phenomena Theory - Correct Answers ✅apply to wide range of phenomena, supported by many lines of evidence across many fields of study 1 / 2
HPHY 212 Final Questions with Complete Solutions (Latest 2025) Facts - Correct Answers ✅repeated observations accepted to as true Hierarchy of Evidence - Correct Answers ✅1. Meta Analysis
- Systematic review
- Review
- Cohort or Case-Control Study
- Case report
- Expert Opinion
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4.Randomized control trial
Strongest form of evidence - Correct Answers ✅Meta- analysis Weakest form of evidence - Correct Answers ✅Expert opinion Prospective cohort study - Correct Answers ✅subjects are followed over time (goes into the future) Retrospective Cohort Study - Correct Answers ✅subjects are sampled after the outcome has occurred (looks into the past)