HESI PN Fundamentals Exam Study Guide
The single most effective way to stop the spread of infection (Ans- Hand hygiene
Reducing the number of organisms in an environment (ex. Cleaning the tub with disinfectant before giving a bath) (Ans- Medical asepsis
Breaks the chain of infection at its various links of reservoir and the portal of exit (removes all organisms (Ans- Sterilization
Standard Precautions are:
(Ans- The principle of infection control that considers every clients blood and body fluid infections
When should you wash your hands?(Ans-
- before and after touching a resident
- after using the toilet
- when arriving to work
- before and after gloving
- after touching contaminated items
- after nose-blowing, sneezing or coughing
- before and after eating
Why should you hold your hands lower than your forearms while handwashing?(Ans- Water flows from the least contaminated to the most contaminated
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What breaks the chain of infection?(Ans- handwashing
What is a hospital acquired infections called?(Ans- Nosocomial infections
Where are the phases of infection?(Ans- Pathogen, reservoir, portal of exit, means of transmission, portal of entry, new host
When is a patient most contagious?(Ans- Within the first 24 hours and 24 hours after starting medication
Wear gown, gloves and educate the family when?(Ans- Caring for a contagious person (ex. C-diff)
Standard Precautions are:
(Ans- Group of safety measures performed to prevent the transmission of pathogens found in the blood and body fluids (ex. Performing hand hygiene, wearing appropriate PPE if exposure is possible & using cough etiquette)
isolation precautions are:
(Ans- Placing an infectious patient in a private room with a private toilet and equipment breaks the chain of infection the portal exit
Droplet precautions (Ans- Use when in close contact with respiratory or mucous membrane secretions
Proper way to remove a gown?(Ans- Grasp the neckline to remove
Always use what to clean areas that are used by multiple patients?(Ans- A disinfectant (ex. bathtub, bedside tables) 2 / 3
How often should a person cares be done?(Ans- A minimum of every morning and evening
Morning routine cares include?(Ans- Assisting with bath, toileting, oral care, hair care, dressing, bedding
HS (Night Cares) include?(Ans- Assist to prepare for sleep, assist with toileting, offer fluids if allowed, straighten room, dim lights, back massage, dressing & bedding
How often should oral cares and repositioning be done on an unresponsive patient?(Ans- every 2 hours
When and why should back ribs be given?(Ans- Back rubs should be done during skin care to improve venous circulation and promote relaxation (also done before bed & during a bed bath, remember dying pts also)
Ted stockings are also called what?(Ans- Thromboembolic (antiembolism) stockings
What are TED stockings used for?(Ans- Prevention of boycotts, and reduce swelling and edema
How do you TED stockings work?(Ans- They work by providing venous circulation to the heart
Difference between an open and close the bed?(Ans- Open bed has sheets turned down and ready to be occupied Clothes bed is fully dressed
A bed that has fan folded sheets to the far side of the bed is for?(Ans- Post-operative beds
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