Hesi A&P Study Guide 2022-2023 (Updated and Rated A+)
The digestive system has three accessory organs that aid food breakdown ✔✔Pancreas, liver and gallbladder
The pancreas is the only organ with ✔✔Exorcine and endocrine functions
The exorcine function of the pancreas is to ✔✔Excrete digestive enzymes into the small intestine
The enzymes include ✔✔Pancreatin, trypsin, maltase, amylase, and lipase (P.T.M.A.L)
The liver has many important functions ✔✔- Produce bile -Converts glucose to glycogen
- Stores fat soluble vitamins
- breaks toxins.
- Destroys old RBC
- synthesizes blood proteins
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The liver produces ✔✔Cholesterol, coagulation, products and antibodies
The gallbladder located adjacent to the liver stores ✔✔Bile until needed in the small intestine for digestion
Ball and socket joint ✔✔Ball like convex surface that fits into a concave shaped socket.Ex. Hip and shoulder joint
Three main types of blood vessels ✔✔Arteries, veins, capillaries
Arteries carry blood ✔✔Away from the heart *hint: away=anterior*
Veins carry blood ✔✔Back to the heart *hint veins=ventricular*
Capillaries ✔✔Carry blood between the arterial and venous vessels. *hint: capillaries=carry*
Blood is pumped from the heart to the ✔✔aorta
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Arterioles ✔✔Aorta branches into other arteries which branch into smaller vessels
The blood moves from arterioles to ✔✔Microscopic capillaries
What is exchanged through the thin walls of the capillaries? ✔✔Gases, nutrients, and wastes
Venules ✔✔Blood which gave up on oxygen flows from the capillaries into tiny veins
Venules branch together to form ✔✔Larger veins
The blood is returned to the heart in the bodies... ✔✔Largest veins, superior and inferior vena cava
With the exception of the pulmonary artery ✔✔Blood in the arteries is oxygenated
Except for the pulmonary vein ✔✔Blood in veins is deoxygenated
Arteries have a muscular layer of tissue that helps ✔✔Pump blood out of the body 3 / 4
Veins have a much thinner ✔✔Muscular layer
Gravity and the muscles surrounding the veins help deliver ✔✔Blood back to the heart
Veins have valves that prevent ✔✔Blood from flowing back, away from the heart once it has moved forward
The brain is composed of ✔✔White and gray matter
Gray matter is made up of *brian ✔✔Neuron cell bodies and dendrites
White matter ✔✔Made up of bundles of nerve fibers (myelinated axons)
Largest area of the brain ✔✔Cerebrum
The cerebrum is divided into ✔✔Two hemispheres
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