HESI ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY PREP
( LATEST 2024 / 2025 ) ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
100% CORRECT
1. neuroglia:
Answer:
connective tissue holding nervous tissue together
2. muscle tissue:
Answer:
a body tissue that contracts or shortens, making body parts move.
- *voluntary muscle* - skeletal muscles
- *involuntary muscle* smooth muscle & cardiac tissue
3. cell:
Answer:
Basic unit of life
- building block of tissues + organs
- organelles each have a specific function:
- nucleus: contains DNA
- ribosomes: synthesis of proteins
- proteins include the enzymes that regulate all chemical reactions within the body.
4. mitosis:
Answer:
needed for growth and repair
- process where DNA is duplicated and distributed evenly to two daughter cells 1 / 3
5. meiosis:
Answer:
- special cell division that takes place in the gonads (ovaries and testes)
- chromosome number is reduced from 46 to 23 so when the egg and the sperm
unite in fertilization, the zygote will have the correct no. of chromosomes
6. Integumentary System:
Answer:
structure: comprised of the skin and it's appendages - hair & nails.
function: protect the body from various kinds of damage (such as loss of water or abrasion from outside); cushion and protect the deeper tissues, excrete wastes, regulate temperature, and is the attachment site for sensory receptors to detect pain, sensation, pressure, and temperature; also provides for vitamin D synthesis.
- skin: largest organ of the body consists of two layers:
Answer:
epidermis - outer protective layer dermis - underlying layer made of connective tissue
8. epidermis:
Answer:
outer, most protective layer of the skin made of dead, *keratinized epithelial cells*
9. dermis:
Answer:
- the underlying layer of skin made up of fibrous connective tissue with blood
- rests on the *subcutaneous tissue* that connects skin to the superficial muscles
vessels, nerve endings, hair follicles, and glands
10. eccrine:
Answer: 2 / 3
this type of sweat gland regulates body temp by releasing a water secretion that evaporates.
11. sebaceous gland:
Answer:
oil-secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles a cutaneous gland that secretes *sebum* (usually into a hair follicle) for lubricating hair and skin
12. holocrine secretion:
Answer:
form of exocrine secretion where the secretory cell becomes swollen with vesicles and then ruptures
13. apocrine secretion:
Answer:
secretions released by shedding cytoplasm from secreting cells like in armpits and groin area
14. keratin:
Answer:
hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails
15. The body planes:
Answer:
imaginary lines used for reference
- median plan
- coronal plane/ frontal plane
- transverse plane
16. median plane:
Answer:
divides the body into left and right halves
- cut along median plane is a *sagittal* section
17. coronal/frontal plane:
- / 3