Guaranteed A Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100

2024 HESI Peds Cardiovascular Disorders Guaranteed A+ Actual Questions and Answers, Complete 100%

• Congenital heart disorders

Heart anomalies that develop in UTERO and manifest at birth or shortly

Thereafter -they may be categorized as:

Answer:

ACYANOTIC: ventricular septal defect (VSD), atrial septal defect (ASD), patent

ductus arteriosus (PDA), coarctation of aorta, aortic stenosis (AS) or CYANOTIC: tetrology of fallot, truncus arteriosus, tranposition of great vessels:

Acyantotic include: L to R shunts or INCREASED PULMONARY blood flow

Obstructive defects Cyanotic include: R to L shunts or DECREASED pulmonary

blood flow Mixed blood flow

2. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS

**Ventricular septal defect (VSD; increased pulmonary blood flow)**

• there is a HOLE between the ventricles
• oxygenated blood from LEFT ventricle is shunted to RIGHT ventricle and

RECIRCULATED to the lungs

• small defects may close spontaneously
• large defects cause Eisenmenger syndrome or congestive heart failure

and require surgical closures:

Answer:

**Atrial septal defect** (ASD; Increased pulmonary blood flow)

• there is a hole between the atria
• oxygenated blood from L atrium shunted to R atrium and lungs
• most defects do not compromise children seriously
• surgical closure is recommended BEFORE SCHOOL age. it can lead to

significant problems, such as congestive HF or atrial dysrhythmias later in life if not corrected

3. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS

**Patent ductus arteriosus** (PDA: increased pulmonary blood flow)

• there is an abnormal opening between the aorta and the pulmonary artery
• it usually closes with 72 hrs after birth**
• if it remains patent, oxygenated blood from AORTA returns to the

PULMONARYARTERY

• INCREASED blood flow to the lungs causes PULMONARY HTN
• it may require medical intervention with INDOMETHACIN (INDOCIN)

administration or surgical closure: 1 / 2

Answer:

**coarctation of aorta** (OBSTRUCTION of blood flow from ventricles)

• there is an obstructive NARROWING of the aorta
• the most common sites are the aortic valve and the aorta near the ductus

arteriosus

• a common finding is HTN IN UPPER EXTREMS and DECREASED or

ABSENT pulses in lower extrems

• it may require surgical correction

4. Patent ductus arteriosus may require medical intervention with (2):

Answer:

indomethacin (indocin) administration or surgical closure

5. Common finding in coarctation of aorta:

Answer:

HTN in upper extremities and decreased or absent pulses in lower extremities

6. ACYANOTIC HEART DEFECTS

**aortic stenosis** (AS; obstruction of blood flow FROM ventricles):

Answer:

• it is an obstructive narrowing immediately before, at or after the AORTIC valve

(mostcommonly valvular)

• **oxygenated blood flow from L ventricle into systemic circulation

diminished**

• symptoms are caused by low CO
• may require surgical correction

• Common finding in aortic stenosis

Why?:

Answer:

oxygenated blood flow from L ventricle into systemic circulation diminished Symptoms caused by low CO

• Traditional 3 Ts of CYANOTIC Heart defects

**tetrology of fallot** is a combo of 4 defects:

• VSD
• / 2