GMS 6552 Exam 2 Questions and Answers 100% Correct
Question : A gene that causes or contributes to the
development of cancer
Correct answer: Oncogene
Question : Sustaining proliferative signalingEvading growth
suppressorsActivating invasion and metastasisEnabling replicative immortalityInducing angiogenesisResisting cell death
Correct answer: Hallmarks of Cancer
Question : Cause cancer when activated in a transgenic
animalRender nontumorigenic cells tumorigenicKnock down or knock out in tumorigenic cells renders the cells nontumorigenicActivation/overexpression of the oncogene is strongly correlated with human cancer
Correct answer: In vivo oncogenic evidence
Question : Causes anchorage-independent growth in soft agar
(protection from anoikis)Causes focus formation (loss of contact inhibition)Renders cell growth factor independent
Correct answer: In vitro oncogenic evidence
Question : Aberrant expression of proto-oncogenes that
increases cell proliferation/survivalFirst identified in cancer- causing virusesTypically a dominant mechanismOncogene activation is usually limited to somatic tissue, but more cases of inherited oncogene mutations are being found
Correct answer: Oncogenes in Cancer
Question : G-proteins (Ras)Protein Kinases (Raf, Akt)Lipid
Kinases (PI3-Kinase)Transcription Factors (Myc)Binding and inactivating apoptotic proteins (BCL2)Protein Kinase regulatory subunits (Cyclins A, E, D)Transcriptional coactivators (B-Catenin, YAP, TAZ)
Correct answer: Biochemical functions of oncogenes
Question : What are Five Ways to Activate Oncogenes?
Correct answer: 1. Mutation of gene to make it overactive2.
Amplification of a normal gene3. Chromosomal Rearrangement4. Promoter/enhancer insertion5.Hypomethylation of oncogene
Question : Multiple gene copies = too much transcript and
proteinDNA sequencing, DNA-PCRRNA sequencing, RNA-
PCRProtein: Western
Correct answer: Amplification
Question : Affects regulatory region of
oncogeneCytogeneticsPCR using primers
Correct answer: Chromosomal Rearrangement
Question : From retroviral integration near oncogeneGene
expression activated from the viral promoterShould activate oncogenes or disrupt tumor suppressorsCan find new genes
Correct answer: Promoter/Enhancer Insertion
Question : Ex. N-ras is activated in liver cancer due to under-
methylated promoter, allowing gene expressionDirectly
measure methylation using methyl-sensitive restriction enzyme/genomic DNA,, bisulfite genomic sequencing, or methylation specific PCRmeasure RNA/protein level
Correct answer: Hypomethylation of Oncogenes
Question : Specific diagnosis, sub-classification of tumor
type, and/or prognosis can be based on certain gene involvement