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Pharmacology Made Easy 5.0 The Gastrointestinal System Test Questions and Answers | Latest Version | 2025/2026 | Correct & Verified
What is the primary action of proton pump inhibitors in treating GERD?✔✔They reduce gastric acid production by blocking the enzyme responsible for acid secretion in the stomach lining.
Why should a patient take omeprazole before meals?✔✔It works best when taken on an empty stomach to inhibit the proton pumps before acid is produced during digestion.
What is a common side effect of aluminum-containing antacids?✔✔Constipation.
Why should long-term use of PPIs be monitored carefully?✔✔Because it may increase the risk of bone fractures, vitamin B12 deficiency, and infections like C. difficile.
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What is the primary therapeutic use of sucralfate?✔✔To coat ulcers and protect them from stomach acid for healing.
Why is it important to separate sucralfate from other medications by at least 2 hours?✔✔Because it can interfere with the absorption of many other drugs.
What is a serious adverse effect of ondansetron that should be reported immediately?✔✔Irregular heartbeat or signs of QT prolongation.
What is the mechanism of action of ondansetron?✔✔It blocks serotonin receptors in the brain and GI tract to prevent nausea and vomiting.
Why are antiemetics like metoclopramide avoided in patients with Parkinson's disease?✔✔Because they block dopamine receptors and can worsen motor symptoms.
What symptom should patients report when taking metoclopramide for gastroparesis?✔✔Involuntary muscle movements or tremors, which may indicate extrapyramidal symptoms.
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What is a common side effect of bismuth subsalicylate?✔✔Black tongue or black stools, which are harmless and temporary.
Why should laxatives be avoided in patients with undiagnosed abdominal pain?✔✔Because they may worsen a serious condition like appendicitis or bowel obstruction.
What is the primary action of bulk-forming laxatives such as psyllium?✔✔They absorb water into the stool, increasing bulk and promoting bowel movements.
Why must patients taking psyllium drink plenty of water?✔✔To prevent intestinal obstruction or choking if the fiber expands in the throat or gut.
What is the therapeutic use of lactulose in patients with liver disease?✔✔To reduce ammonia levels and prevent hepatic encephalopathy.
Why are H2 receptor antagonists like ranitidine used in ulcer treatment?✔✔They reduce gastric acid secretion by blocking histamine receptors in the stomach.
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