FULL vTEST vBANK - AvConceptualvApproachv4thvEditionvbyv JudivNath...

FULL vTEST vBANK AppliedvPathophysiology AvConceptualvApproachv4thvEditionvbyv JudivNath,vCarievBraun CompletevTestvBank,vAllvChaptersvarevincluded

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AppliedvPathophysiologyvAvConceptualvApproachvtovthevMechanis msvofvDiseasev4thvEditionvBraunvTestvBank

Chapterv1IntroductionvtovPathophysiology

• Thevnucleus ,vwhichvisvessentialvforvfunctionvandvsurvivalvofvthevcell.
• isvthevsitevofvproteinvsynthesis
• containsvthevgeneticvcode
• transformsvcellularvenergy
• initiatesvaerobicvmetabolism
• Althoughvenergyvisvnotvmadevinvmitochondria,vtheyvarevknownvasvthevpowervp

lantsvofvthevcellvbecausevthey:

• containvRNAvforvproteinvsynthesis.
• utilizevglycolysisvforvoxidativevenergy.
• extractvenergyvfromvorganicvcompounds.
• storevcalciumvbondsvforvmusclevcontractions.
• Althoughvthevbasicvstructurevofvthevcellvplasmavmembranevisvformedvbyvavlipidvbi

layer,vmostvofvthevspecificvmembranevfunctionsvarevcarriedvoutvby:

• boundvandvtransmembranevproteins.
• complex,vlongvcarbohydratevchains.
• surfacevantigensvandvhormonevreceptors.
• avgatingvsystemvofvselectivevionvchannels.
• Toveffectivelyvrelayvsignals,vcell-to-

cellvcommunicationvutilizesvchemicalvmessengervsystemsvthat:

• displacevsurfacevreceptorvproteins.
• accumulatevwithinvcellvgapvjunctions.
• bindvtovcontractilevmicrofilaments.
• releasevsecretionsvintovextracellularvfluid.
• Aerobicvmetabolism,valsovknownvasvoxidativevmetabolism,vprovidesvenergyvby: 2 / 4

• removingvthevphosphatevbondsvfromvATP.
• combiningvhydrogenvandvoxygenvtovformvwater.
• activatingvpyruvatevstoredvinvthevcytoplasm.
• breakingvdownvglucosevtovformvlacticvacid.
• Exocytosis,vthevreversevofvendocytosis,visvimportantvin

intovthe vextracellularvfluid.

• Engulfingvandvingestingvfluidvandvproteinsvforvtransport
• Killing,vdegrading,vandvdissolvingvharmfulvmicroorganisms
• Removingvcellularvdebrisvandvreleasingvsynthesizedvsubstances
• Destructionvofvparticlesvbyvlysosomalvenzymesvforvsecretion
• Thevprocessvresponsiblevforvgeneratingvandvconductingvmembranevpotentialsvis:
• diffusionvofvcurrent-carryingvions.
• millivoltagevofvelectricalvpotential.
• polarizationvofvchargedvparticles.
• ionvchannelvneurotransmission.
• Epithelialvtissuesvarevclassifiedvaccordingvtovthevshapevofvthevcellsvandvthevnu

mbervofvlayers.vWhichvofvthevfollowingvisvavcorrectlyvmatchedvdescriptionvandv typevofvepithelialvtissue?

A) Simplevepithelium:vcellsvinvcontactvwithvintercellularvmatrix;vsomevdovnotve

xtendvtovsurface

B) Stratifiedvepithelium:vsinglevlayervofvcells;vallvcellsvrestvonvbasementv

membrane

C) Glandularvepithelium:varisevfromvsurfacevepitheliavandvunderlyingv

connectivevtissue

• Pseudostratifiedvepithelium:vmultiplevlayersvofvcells;vdeepestvlayervrestsvonvb

asementvmembrane

9. Connectivevtissuevcontainsvfibroblastsvthatvarevresponsiblevfor:

• providingvavfibrousvframeworkvforvcapillaries.
• synthesisvofvcollagen,velastin,vandvreticularvfibers. 3 / 4

• formingvtendonsvandvthevfasciavthatvcoversvmuscles.
• fillingvspacesvbetweenvtissuesvtovkeepvorgansvinvplace.
• Althoughvallvmusclevtissuevcellsvhavevsomevsimilarities,vsmoothvmusclev(alsovk

nownvasvinvoluntaryvmuscle)vdiffersvby:

• havingvdensevbodiesvattachedvtovactinvfilaments.
• containingvsarcomeresvbetweenvZvlinesvandvMvbands.
• havingvrapidvcontractionsvandvabundantvcross-striations.
• contractingvinvresponsevtovincreasedvintracellularvcalcium.
• Whichvofvthevfollowingvaspectsvofvthevfunctionvofvthevnucleusvisvperformedvbyvri

bosomalvRNAv(rRNA)?

• CopyingvandvcarryingvDNAvinstructionsvforvproteinvsynthesis
• Carryingvaminovacidsvtovthevsitevofvproteinvsynthesis
• Providingvthevsitevwherevproteinvsynthesisvoccurs
• Regulatingvandvcontrollingvproteinvsynthesis
• Breakdownvandvremovalvofvforeignvsubstancesvandvworn-

outvcellvpartsvarevperformedvbyvwhichvofvthevfollowingvorganelles?

• Lysosomes
• Golgivapparatus
• Ribosomes
• Endoplasmicvreticulumv(ER)

13. Impairmentvinvthevfunctionvofvperoxisomesvwouldvresultvin:

• inadequatevsitesvforvproteinvsynthesis.
• anvinabilityvtovtransportvcellularvproductsvacrossvthevcellvmembrane.
• insufficientvenergyvproductionvwithinvavcell.
• accumulationvofvfreevradicalsvinvthevcytoplasm.
• Aftervseveralvmonthsvofvtryingvtovconceive,vavcouplevisvundergoingvfertilityvtesti

ng.vSemenvanalysisvindicatesvthatvthevmansvspermvhavevdecreasedvmotility,vavfind ingvthatvisvthoughtvtovunderlievthevcouplesvinabilityvtovbecomevpregnant.

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