Finall Exam:l NSGl 318/l NSG318l (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Introductionl tol Pharmacologyl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l montelukast
Answer:
bronchodilator,l leukotrienel receptorl antagonist *leukotrienel causesl inflaml inl lungs USE -asthmal andl allergicl rhinitisl (lukel alwaysl hasl redl eyes-allergy) -prophylacticl treatmentl ofl exercisel inducedl bronchospasm
ACTION
-blockl leukotrienel receptorsl tol inhibl smoothl musclel contractionl andl bronchoconstriction **notl forl emergenciesl itl isl usedl prophylactically,l approvedl inl childrenl overl 2,l ifl prescribedl forl exercisel inducedl bronchospasml takel 2l hoursl before,l shortl halfl lifel CONTRAl -acutel asthmal attack,l acutel bronchospasm,l statusl asthmaticus,l hypersensitivity
CAUTION
-suicidall ideation,l corticosteroidl withdrawall (luke) DRUGl INTERACTIONS -decreasel effectl wl aspirinl andl nsaidsl (lukel isl anl as)
-increasedl levell w:l clopidogrel
NURSINGl PROCESS
1.l assess:l fluidl status,l lungl sounds
2.l interventions -monitorl respirations -adequatel fluidl intake -nol stl johnl (luke)l wort,l greenl orl blackl tea -takel itl everydayl atl thel samel time
Q:l CAM
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Answer:
ECHINACEA
-decreasel coldl symptomsl andl recoveryl time
-use:l stiml immune,l antisepsis,l virall inf
-adversel effect:l upsetl stomach,l dizzy,l HA,l unpleasantl tastem
CINNAMON
-use:l bronchitis,l anorexia,l diabetes,l GIl problems
-adversel effect:l allergy
Q:l GIl disorder
Answer:
-vomiting,l diarrhea,l constipation TREAT -laxative -antidiarrheal -emetics -antiemetics NONl PHARMl FORl VOMITING -weakl tea -flatl soda -gelatin -crackers,l dryl toast -pedialytel (children) -gatoradel (adult) VOMIT -mustl IDl thel causel beforel givingl antiemetics -cause:l medsl (antineoplastic,l antibiotic),l foodl intolerance,l bacteriall orl virall infection
Q:l promethazinel hydrochloride
Answer:
dopaminel antagonist,l antiemetic USE
-treatl andl prevent:l nausea,l vomiting,l motionl sickness
-sedationl induction,l andl antil inflammatory
ACTION
-actl onl chemoreceptorl triggerl zonel (CTZ)l andl blocksl H1l receptors *highl alertl whenl givenl IV CONTRAl 2 / 4
-hypersensitive
CAUTION
-glaucoma,l bloodl dyscrasias,l COPD,l HTN,l oa,l debilitatedl indiv,l liverl dysfunction,l bonel marrowl depression,l intestinall obstruction,l CVD DRUGl INTERACTIONS -alcl andl cnsl depressants:l increasel cnsl depressionl andl anticholinergicl effects -lowerl seizurel thresholdl wl phenytoinl (pl h)l andl tramadol LABS -canl causel falsel pregnancyl test SE -anticholinergicl effects
-hypo/hyper:l monitorl BP
-anorexia,l fatigue,l dizzy,l drowsyl (bcl emesis) -erectile/ejaculationl dysl (teachl males) -photosensitivity,l injl sitel reaction AE -seizure
-extrapyramidall syndrome:l movementl ofl jawl orl tonguel
LIFEl THREATING -agranulocytosis,l thrombocytopenia,l leukopenia -respl depression
ASSESS
-historyl ofl vomit,l urinel analysis,l dehydration
INTERVENTIONS
-monitorl BP,l takel bowell sounds -nol inl 1stl trimester -nol alcl orl doingl dangerousl activitiesl likel motorcycle -findl causel beforel givingl antiemetic -tryl nonl pharml first -cleanl mouthl afterl vomit *PROmethazinel sol pregnancyl test,l sol ejac/erectile,l usel sedation(seduction)->depression *methl causesl n/v,l sol SEl isl anorexia/dizzy/fatigue
Q:l diarrhea
Answer:
CAUSE -spicy/spoiledl food -drugl interactions -fecall impaction -laxativel abuse -bowell tumor 3 / 4
-IBS -maldigestivel syndrome -toxins -bacteria,l virus -stress,l anxiety
CAUSES
-electrolytel imbalance -dehydration -metabolicl acidosis NONl PHARM -gatorade,l pedialyte -IVl electrolytel solution -avoidl milkl orl fattyl foods
ANTIDIARRHEALS
-opiatel andl opiatel relatedl agents -somatostatinl analoguesl -adsorbents
Q:l diphenoxylatel withl atropine
Answer:
antidiarrheal,l diphenoxylatel isl anl opiatel andl atropinel isl anticholinergic -atropinel isl addedl tol decreasel addiction,l itl isl alsol antil parasympatheticl sol itl decreasesl abdominall pain,l hypersecretions,l andl motility -mainlyl usedl forl travelersl diarrheal (e.coli) USE -treatl diarrhea
ACTION
-slowsl gastricl motilityl byl actingl onl smoothl musclel cellsl ofl thel GIl tract SE -constipation,l euphoria,l confusionl (opiate) -dryl mouth,l urinaryl retentionl (anticholin) -HA,l flushing,l rash,l dizzy,l drowsy AE -angioedema,l tachycardial (increasel HRl bcl increasel fluid),l pancreatitisl LT -respl depress,l paralyticl ileus,l megacolon,l anaphylaxisl
ASSESS
-fluids -historyl ofl infection,l drugs,l foods
INTERVENTIONS
-assessl bowell soundsl andl movementl andl resp
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