Final Exam: NR507 / NR-507 (Latest
2025 / 2026) Advanced Pathophysiology | Review Questions and Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - Chamberlain
Question:
How do we assess/diagnose acute pyelonephritis?
Answer:
- flank pain
- fever, chills, tachy
- abd tenderness
- involves upper tract?
Diagnose
- urinalysis: WBC in urine, pyuria = lots of WBC
- CBC: elevated WBC
- imaging: abscess, ultrasound and CT scan
- WBC CASTS, WBC CASTS!!
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Question:
How to treat acute pyelonephritis?
Answer:
- prompt antibiotic therapy b/c it is infection. take all antibiotics
- analgesia for pain
- adequate hydration
Question:
Supersaturation nucleation crystal retention what type of acute renal issue?
Answer:
urine become oversaturated with calcium
crystals act as nucleation sites and attract more crystals
urinary stasis or inadequate urine flow allows calcium deposits to remain in urine tract
post acute renal failure
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Question:
How to assess renal calculi?
- what symptoms?
- who is at risk?
Answer:
- abd flank pain
- costovertebral angle tenderness
- hematuria - caused by larger crystals
imaging: where and what size
- ct scans and
- renal ultrasound to try and find stones
Question:
Treatment for Renal Calculi
- what does it depend on?
- what are methods of treating?
Answer:
- conservative treatment of stone that is less than 5mm and asymptomatic.
- treated with diuretics (calcium stones) or allopurinol (uric acid stones)
- stone removal required for larger than 5mm, treated with lithotripsy
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