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FCCN LEVEL 1 EXAM WITH COMPLE TE
SOLUTIONS.
Question 1: minimum urine output for adult
CORRECT ANSWER : 0.5mL/kg/hr
Question 2: ADH (antidiuretic hormone)
CORRECT ANSWER : - water retainer - vasoconstrictor (also
called Vasopressin) - produced by hypothalamus - store and released from posterior pituitary
Question 3: ADH pathway
CORRECT ANSWER : - hypothalamus senses low blood
volumed and increased serum osmolality - signal pituitary to release ADH - ADH causes kidney to retain water - water retention increases blood volume and decreases serum osmolality
Question 4: ANP (atrial natriuretic peptide)
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CORRECT ANSWER : - cardiac hormone stored in atria -
released when atrial pressure increases *works opposite of RAAS by decreasing BP and reducing intravascular volume - important diagnostic marker in CHF
Question 5: hydrostatic pressure
CORRECT ANSWER : - forces fluids and solutes through the
capillary wall and into the tissue spaces
Question 6: colloid osmotic pressure
CORRECT ANSWER : - pulling force of albumin in the
intravascular spaces - pull fluid into vasculature
Question 7: maintenance fluid therapy
CORRECT ANSWER : - replaces normal ongoing losses of
water and electrolytes (urine, sweat, respiration, stool)
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Question 8: replacement therapy
CORRECT ANSWER : - corrects any existing water and or
electrolyte deficits
Question 9: isotonic fluids
CORRECT ANSWER : - tonicity equal to plasma in the body -
no fluid shifts because the solutions are equally concentrated -
LR - NS - D5W
Question 10: hypotonic fluids
CORRECT ANSWER : - lower concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell - fluid shifts into the cell to dilute the electrolytes (CELL SWELLS) - 0.45NS
Question 11: hypertonic fluid
CORRECT ANSWER : - higher concentration of solutes in the
vasculature than in the cell - pulls fluid out of cells and into the
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vessels (CELL SHRINKS) - D5 .45NS - D5NS - D5LR - 3%, 7%, 23.4% NaCl
Question 12: colloids
CORRECT ANSWER : - pull fluid into bloodstream Albumin -
5% is osmotically equal to plasma - 25% draws 4 times the normal volume into the circulation
Question 13: blood
CORRECT ANSWER : - not a risk free fluid replacement - this
is liquid transplant
Question 14: third spacing
CORRECT ANSWER : - fluid is not lost from the body but the
fluid is not available for use in the intracellular or extracellular compartments (fluid is in between tissues/cells) - this patient is intravascularly dry and still needs more fluid