Examl 4:l BIOl 202/l BIO202l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Humanl Anatomyl andl Physiologyl IIl Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l Whatl isl glomerulus?
Answer:
Al specializedl capillaryl bedl ofl 50l intertwiningl capillaries
Q:l Whatl phasesl arel containedl inl thel glomerulus?
Answer:
Filtration,l reabsorption,l andl secretion
Q:l Whatl isl thel juxtaglomerularl apparatusl (JGA)?
Answer:
Anl endocrinel structurel thatl secretes,l al hormonel erythropoietinl andl anl enzymel renin,l formedl byl maculal densa
Q:l Whatl isl thel glomerularl capillaries?
Answer:
Arel fenestratedl capillaries,l havel poresl 60l tol 100l nml diameter,l preventl passagel ofl bloodl cells,l allowl diffusionl ofl solutes,l includingl plasmal proteins
Q:l Whatl isl thel laminal densa?
Answer: 1 / 3
Isl morel selective,l allowsl diffusionl ofl onlyl smalll plasmal proteins,l nutrients,l andl ions
Q:l Whatl isl thel filtrationl slits?
Answer:
Arel thel finestl filters,l havel gapsl onlyl 6l tol 9l nml wide,l preventl passagel ofl mostl smalll plasmal proteins
Q:l Whatl isl filtration?
Answer:
Passivel process,l drivenl byl bloodl pressure,l forcesl waterl andl smalll solutesl acrossl thel filtrationl membranel intol capsularl space,l largel solutes
Q:l Whatl isl glomerulonephritis?
Answer:
Inflammationl ofl thel glomerulil thatl affectsl thel filtrationl mechanisml ofl thel kidneys,l thel antigen-antibodyl complexesl arel smalll enoughl tol gol throughl capillaryl poresl andl densel layer,l butl notl thel filtrationl slits
Q:l Whatl isl osmosis?
Answer:
Thel diffusionl ofl waterl acrossl al selectivelyl permeablel membrane
Q:l Whatl isl osmolarity?
Answer:
Totall numberl ofl solutel particlesl perl liter,l expressedl inl osmolesl perl literl orl milliosmolesl perl liter,l bodyl fluidsl havel osmoticl concentrationl ofl aboutl 300l mOsm/L
Q:l Whatl isl glomerularl filtrationl isl governedl byl thel balancel between?
- / 3
Answer:
Hydrostaticl pressurel andl colloidl osmoticl pressure
Q:l Whatl isl hydrostaticl pressurel consideredl tol be?l (pushl orl pull)
Answer:
Push
Q:l Whatl isl colloidl osmoticl pressurel consideredl tol be?l (pushl orl pull)
Answer:
Pull
Q:l Whatl isl Glomerularl hydrostaticl pressure?
Answer:
(push)l Thel bloodl pressurel inl thel glomerularl capillaries,l thisl pressurel tendsl tol pushl waterl andl solutel moleculesl outl ofl thel plasmal andl intol thel filtrate,l averagesl 50l mmHg
Q:l Whatl isl bloodl colloidl osmoticl pressure?
Answer:
(Pull)l Tendsl tol drawl waterl outl ofl thel filtratel andl intol thel plasma,l itl thusl opposesl filtration,l overl thel entirel lengthl ofl thel glomerularl capillaryl bed,l thisl averagesl aboutl 25l mmHg
Q:l Whatl isl netl filtrationl pressure?
Answer:
Thel netl pressurel actingl acrossl thel glomerularl capillariesl itl representsl thel suml ofl thel hydrostaticl pressuresl andl thel colloidl osmoticl pressures,l averagel aboutl 10l mmHg
Q:l Whatl isl capsularl hydrostaticl pressure?
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