Examl 3:l NSGl 300/l NSG300l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Foundationsl ofl Nursingl Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l pathophysiologyl ofl COPD
Answer:
Scarl tissuel inl thel parenchymal decreasesl elasticl recoill ofl lungsl andl thoraxl (compliance)l whichl incl workl ofl breathing
Q:l compliance
Answer:
abilityl ofl thel lungsl tol expandl inl responsel tol increasedl interalveolarl pressure -decl withl pulmonaryl edema,l interstitiall &l pleurall fibrosis,l congenital/traumaticl structurall abnormalitiesl likel kyphosisl orl fracturedl ribs
Q:l accessoryl muscles
Answer:
increasel lungl volumel duringl inspiration.l overusel causesl noneffectivel ventilationl andl fatigue
Q:l airwayl resistance
Answer:
thel increasel inl pressurel thatl occursl asl thel diameterl ofl thel airwaysl decreasesl froml mouth/nosel tol alveoli.
Q:l whatl arel somel factorsl thatl blockl thel airwayl andl preventl gasl exchange
Answer:
asthma,l flu,l covid,l mucus,l atelectasisl (riskl inc.l w/l immobility)
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Q:l diffusionl (pulmonaryl circulation)
Answer:
processl ofl exchangingl respiratoryl gasesl inl thel alveolil ofl thel lungsl andl capillariesl inl bodyl tissues
Q:l whatl affectsl thel ratel ofl diffusion
Answer:
-thicknessl ofl membranel (slowl gasl exchange->l decl deliveryl ofl O2) -pulmonaryl edema -pulmonaryl infiltrates -pulmonaryl effusion
Q:l whatl altersl thel alveolarl capillaryl surfacel area
Answer:
chronicl diseases
Q:l oxygenationl (processl inl pulmonary)
Answer:
ventilation,l diffusion,l perfusion
Q:l ventilation
Answer:
movementl ofl gasesl intol andl outl ofl thel lungs
Q:l perfusion
Answer:
Thel abilityl ofl thel cardiovascularl systeml tol pumpl oxygenatedl bloodl tol thel tissuesl andl returnl deoxygenatedl bloodl tol thel lungs
Q:l diffusion
Answer:
Exchangel ofl respiratoryl gasesl inl thel alveolil andl capillaries
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Q:l clientl experiencingl alteredl respiratoryl functionl andl alteredl tissuel perfusionl (Interventions)
Answer:
-Healthl promotion:l vaccinations,l healthyl lifestyle,l avoidingl exposurel tol environmentall pollutants -Inl acutel care:l dyspneal management,l airwayl maintenance,l mobilizationl ofl pulmonaryl secretions(hydration),l humidification,l nebulization,l coughing/deep-breathingl techniques,l chestl percussionl (loosensl mucous) -suctioningl techniques
Q:l dyspneal management
Answer:
-elevatel headl ofl bed -restingl beforel meals -medsl ifl possible
Q:l clientl experiencingl alteredl respiratoryl functionl andl alteredl tissuel perfusionl (evaluation)
Answer:
-Askl patientl howl theyl believel they'rel responding -Comparel patient'sl progressl tol expectedl outcomes -modifyl carel planl andl reevaluatel ifl notl successful
Q:l normall cardiacl output
Answer:
4-6Ll Perl minutel atl rest
Q:l Cardiacl outputl equation
Answer:
HRl xl SV
Q:l whatl isl strokel volumel affectedl by
Answer:
preload,l afterload,l contractility 3 / 4
Q:l preload
Answer:
endl diastolicl pressurel (thel heartl atl rest)
Q:l afterload
Answer:
resistancel tol leftl ventricularl ejectionl (hypertensionl increasesl this)
Q:l forcedl vitall capacity
Answer:
thel maximuml amountl ofl airl thatl canl bel removedl froml thel lungsl duringl forcedl expiration
Q:l myocardiall contractilityl ofl elderlyl population
Answer:
stifferl withl slowerl ventricularl filingl ratel andl prolongedl cxl time
Q:l normall WBCl count
Answer:
5,000-10,000/mm3
Q:l whatl diagnosticl testl canl showl tumorsl inl thel lungs
Answer:
X-ray
Q:l whatl testl isl usedl tol indicatel ifl someonel hasl tuberculosis
Answer:
Tbl skinl test
Q:l commonl laboratoryl studiesl usedl tol assessl thel functionl ofl thel respiratoryl system.
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