Examl 2:l PSYl 357/l PYS357l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Lifespanl Developmentl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l Discussl thel controversyl overl intelligencel testsl (SOMPA,l culture-fairl tests,l andl thel Ravenl Progressivel Matricesl Testl inl yourl answer).
Answer:
-l SOMPA:l Systeml ofl multiculturall plurall assessment;l givenl whenl childrenl faill thel Standfordl Binetl orl Wechslerl test.l Helpsl usl froml misdiagnosingl childrenl asl mentallyl retardedl -l Culturel Fairl tests:l evensl thel playingl forl everyonel -l deemphasizel language
-l Ravenl progressive:l nonverball testl ofl logic
Q:l 2l categoriesl ofl mentall retardation
Answer:
-l Culturall Familial:l nothingl wrongl biological,l environmentall factorsl slowl theml downl
-l Biological:l wel knowl whatl happened,l DS
Q:l biologicall retardationl stats
Answer:
-l childrenl w/l anl IQl ofl 55-70:l educablel "mildly"l disabledl
-l childrenl w/l anl IQl ofl 44-55;l trainable -l IQl lessl thanl 4;l custodial,l thisl childl willl probablyl bel raisedl inl anl institution
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Q:l Describel Erikson'sl thirdl stagel ofl initiativel vs.l guilt.
Answer:
-l 3-5l yearsl -l takel responsibilityl forl themselves,l askl lotsl ofl questionsl aboutl thel worldl -l cannotl pursuel ambitionsl w/l abandonment -l purposel isl achievedl throughl balance
Q:l Discussl howl genderl identityl developsl (includel genderl understanding,l genderl constancy,l andl genderl rolesl inl yourl answer).
Answer:
menl arel morel aggressive,l womenl arel morel social,l boysl havel morel spatiall skills,l girlsl havel betterl finel motorl skillsl -l handwriting,l flexibility,l balance,l etc.,l boysl betterl inl grossl motorl skillsl -l strength,l throwing,l catching,l jumping,l running,l etc.-l Math:l equall inl elementaryl schooll -l inl middlel schooll boysl pulll ahead
Q:l Analyzel thel differencesl amongl thel termsl self-concept,l self-esteem,l andl self-image.
Answer:
-l self-esteem:l thel emotionall labelingl ofl thel self-conceptl orl howl onel feelsl aboutl his/herl strengthsl andl weaknessesl -l self-concept:l al categoricall listingl ofl strengthsl andl weaknessesl (cognitivel component)l -l self-imagel -l temporaryl changesl inl ourl self-esteeml (accordingl tol mood)
Q:l Comparel Bandura'sl term,l self-efficacy,l withl thel positivel resolutionl ofl Erikson'sl fourthl stage,l industry.
Answer:
-l Self-efficacy:l establishingl anl "Il canl dol itl attitude"l andl implementingl it 2 / 3
-l Erickson'sl 4thl stagel industry:l findingl competenciesl andl skills
Q:l Kohlberg'sl LEVELSl ofl morall development
Answer:
1)l preconventionall (3-9l years)l 2)l conventionall (9-14l years)l 3)l postconventionall (14+)
Q:l Kohlberg'sl STAGESl ofl morall development
Answer:
LEVELl 1l
-l stagel 1:l doesl thel rightl thingl tol avoidl punishmentl
-l stagel 2:l doesl thel rightl thingl forl reward
LEVELl 2
-l stagel 3:l doesl thel rightl thingl causel itl isl al rule
-l stagel 4:l doesl thel rightl thingl causel itl isl thel lawl -l don'tl breakl thel law LEVELl 3
-l stagel 5:l lawsl canl bel changedl
-l stagel 6:l transcendsl thel lawl -l dol whatl youl havel tol do
Q:l Describel criticismsl ofl Kohlberg'sl theoryl (includel Gilligan'sl carel vs.l justicel perspective)
Answer:
-l Gilliganl believesl itl isl sexistl -l menl reasonl froml al justicel perspective,l whilel womenl reasonl froml caringl perspective,l hasl al westernl biasl -l controversyl overl howl manyl stagesl therel actuallyl arel (5,l 6,l orl 7) -l theoryl ofl morall reasoningl andl saysl littlel aboutl morall behavior
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