Examl 2:l NU665B/l NUl 665Bl (Latestl
2025/l 2026l Update)l Primaryl Carel ofl Familyl IIl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l Regis
Q:l pathogensl causingl uti
Answer:
el colil 75-95%l ofl cases klebsiellal pneuomnia proteusl mirabilis contam(l mixedl flora)-l lactobacillus,l enterococcus,l staph,l saprophyticusl andl groupl bl strep
Q:l typesl ofl UTI
Answer:
simplel cystitisl (uncomplicated)-l lowerl UTIl (bladder -symptoms:l dysuria,l frequency,l urgency,l subprapubicl pain/pressure,l hematuria pyelonephritisl (complicated)-l upperl (kidney) -symptoms:l fever,l flankl pain,l CVAl tendernes,l dysuria,l frequncyl andl urgency
speciall population:
-peds=l fever -elderly=l incontinence,l nocturia,l changel inl mentall status,l falls/l confusion
Q:l urinalysis
Answer:
ph=l normall 4.5-8 protein=l canl indicatel inflammationl ofl kidneyl andl renall disease nitrates=l enzymesl givenl offl froml manyl graml -l bacteria ketone=l sugar,l mayl indicatel fasting 1 / 4
bili=l breakdownl ofl hemoglob,l notl typicallyl detectedl inl urine.l ifl +l considerl liverl dysfunctionl orl biliaryl obstruction urobilinogen-l breakdownl ofl bilirubin-l canl bel seenl inl hemolysisl orl hepatoceullarl disease RBC-l presencel ofl threel orl morel inl 2l orl 3l urinel samplesl definesl hematurial (smokingl increasesl riskl forl bladderl cancer)l WBC-l ifl positivel forl WBC,l therel isl al 75%l senstiivtyl forl predicitignl UTI WBCl casts-l canl bel indicativel ofl complicatedl upperl uti
Q:l positivel resultl defintion
Answer:
mostl commonl pathogenl el coli 100kl CFUl indicatedl infection 1k-100kl indicatel infectionl inl cathedl pt nol growthl inl 24-48l hrsl indicatesl al negativel results
Q:l UTIl tx
Answer:
bactriml 160/800l BIDl x3d macrobidl 100mgl BIDl xl 5days etc pyridiuml 200mgl TIDl afterl mealsl x2l daysl (forl symptoml managment) -remindl ptsl thisl canl impactl urinel color
Q:l ptl educationl withl UTI
Answer:
usel condomsl ifl onl orall contraceptivel asl abxl canl reducel thel efficacyl ofl thel pill yogurtl andl probioticsl tol preventl yeast
Q:l BPH
Answer:
impactsl 90%l ofl agel 85 2 / 4
causedl byl dihydrotestosteronel (DHT).l Prostatel richl alpha-1l adrenergicl receptorsl andl stimulationl ofl thesel receptorsl byl DHTl leadsl tol BPH BPHl leadsl tol urethrall constrictionl andl increasel detrusorl sensitivityl thatl leadsl tol problematicl LUTSl althoughl BPHl isl usuallyl notl lifel threathening,l itl canl leadl tol QOLl issues
Q:l symptomsl andl dxl ofl BPH
Answer:
canl bel asymptomaticl butl typicallyl symptomsl includel urinaryl frequncy,l nocturia,l hesitancyl andl dribbling,l dysurial orl al combo canl leadl tol significantl urinaryl obstructionl thatl canl placel riskl forl infectionl andl obstructionl uropathyl thatl canl causel acutel renall failurel ifl notl promptlyl treated dxl madel throughl DREl andl possiblyl questionairel likel AUA-SI,l Internationall Prostatel Symptomsl Score,l BPHl Impactl index tol r/o:l prostatel cancer,l bladderl CAl causingl bladderl outletl obstruction,l infection,l anatomicall abnormalitiesl ofl thel urinaryl tract,l DM ***getl yearlyl urinel inl smoking,l increasedl incidencel ofl bladderl cancer **SGt2-l glucosel inl urine,l orl couldl showl DM
Q:l BPHl tx
Answer:
lifestyle:l scheduledl toileting,l nightl timel fluidl restiction,l possiblyl increasedl ejac
meds:l alphal blockers,l testosteronel blockersl orl both,l cialisl (tadalafil)
surgery:l TURP,l openl resectionl orl cath
Q:l alphal blockersl 1stl gen
Answer:
doublel asl antihypertensivel agent,l antagonizesl alphal al adrenergicl receptors cardural (doxazosin),l cardua,l hytrinl (terazosin),l minipressl (prazosin) canl takel weeksl forl symptomsl tol improve firstl dosel phenonenon:l (mostl commonl withl minipress),l posturall hypotension,l dizziness,l syncope startl lowl andl gol slow
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Q:l alphal blockersl 2ndl gen
Answer:
flomaxl (tamsulosin),l uroxatrall (alfuzosin),l rapaflol (silodosin) selectivelyl antagonizesl alphal 1l adrenergicl receptorsl causingl smoothl musclel relax duel tol selectivity,l generalyll doesl notl causel dizzinessl likel 1stl gen,l nol effectl onl BP canl causel retrogradel ejac,l notl concerningl butl canl bel awkward usuallyl worksl quicklyl butl canl takel manyl weeksl forl fulll effect
Q:l testosteronel receptorl blockers
Answer:
proscarl (finasteride),l interfersl withl conversionl ofl testosteronel tol 5-alpha-l dihydrotestosterone alsol knownl asl propecial (1mg)l forl hairl loss maybel prostatel cal prevention,l canl decreasel PSAl upl tol 50% mayl causel gynecomastial (decreasel inl tesosterone,l malel breast) avodart=l worksl somewhatl faster,l notl asl muchl gynecomastia newerl genericl thanl proscar,l cost/l coverage canl usel inl combinationl withl alphal blockersl (Jalyn)
Q:l phosphodiesterasel typel 5l (PDE5)
Answer:
cialisl (tadalafil)l dailyl orl asl neededl withl ED MOAl uncertainl withl BPH inhibitsl phosphodierterasel typel 5l (PDE5)l enhancingl effectl ofl nitricl oxidel activatedl increasel inl cyclicl guanosinel monophosphatel (cGMP)l whichl causesl smoothl musclel relaxationl andl increasesl bloodl flowl tol thel corpusl cavernosuml bladderl andl prostatel isl richl inl PDE5,l causesl relaxationl ofl bladderl outletl andl possiblyl prostate $$$$,l hardl tol getl coverage samel SEl asl withl EDl meds
Q:l prostatel cancerl stats
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