Examl 2:l NSGl 316/l NSG316l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Healthl Assessmentl Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l craniall nerve
Answer:
-enterl andl exitl thel brain -12l pairs -CNl 1l andl 2l extendl froml thel cerebrum -CNl 3l tol 12l extendl froml lowerl diencephalonl andl brainl stem -supplyl thel neckl andl face
>exceptl forl vagus:l heart,l gallbladderl respl muscles,l stomach
Q:l spinall nerves
Answer:
-31l pairs:l eachl innervatel al specificl partl ofl thel body
-originatel inl spinall cordl andl supplyl thel restl ofl thel body -namedl forl wherel theyl originate:l 8l cervical,l 12l thoracic,l 5l lumbar,l 5l sacral,l 1l coccygeal
-mixedl nerves:l containl sensoryl andl motorl fibers
-cutaneousl distributionl ofl variousl spinall nerves
Q:l dermatomes
Answer:
circumscribedl skinl areal innervatedl byl onel sectionl ofl spinall cordl throughl al particularl nerve -dermatomesl overlap,l ifl al nervel isl severed->sensationsl transmittedl froml nervel abovel orl below LANDMARKl DERMATOMES
-thumb,l middlel finger,l pinky:l C6,l 7,l 8
-axilla:l T1
-nipple:l T4 1 / 4
-umbilicus:l T10
-groin:l L1
-knee:l L4
Q:l autonomicl nervousl system
Answer:
PNSl ->l spinall andl craniall nervesl ->l dividesl into:
1.l somaticl fibers:l skeletall musclel (voluntary)
2.l autonomicl fibers:l smoothl musclel (involuntary),l cardiacl muscle,l glands >ANSl unconsciousl activity
Q:l agingl adult
Answer:
agingl causesl atrophyl andl lossl ofl neuronl structuresl inl thel brainl andl spinall cord -lossl ofl weight/volumel wl thinningl ofl cerebrall cortex -reducedl subcorticall structuresl andl expansionl ofl ventricles -slowerl nervel conductionl ->l slowerl reactionl time -delayl atl synapse->diminishedl sensel ofl touch,l pain,l smell,l tastel -slowerl corticall bloodl flowl andl oxygenl consumption->dizzyl andl lossl ofl balance -motorl system->slowingl downl ofl movement,l musclel strength,l agility OVERl 65 -adultsl overl 65l typicallyl showl signsl thatl wouldl bel abnormall ifl seenl inl al youngerl adult >decreasel inl musclel bulk,l musclel tonel inl face,l neck,l spinall cord,l andl decreasedl musclel strength >pupillaryl miosis,l irregularl pupill shape,l decreasel ofl pupillaryl reflexes >impairedl finel coordinationl andl agility,l decreasel orl absencel ofl Achillesl reflex,l decreasel vibratoryl sensel inl ankle
Q:l culturel andl genetics
Answer:
RACIAL/ETHNICl DISPARITYl RELATEDl TOl STROKE -4%l africanl americans -6%l americanl indians/alaskanl natives -2.5%l hispanics NATIONWIDEl DISPARITY -mostl commonl inl africanl americansl andl hispanics 2 / 4
GEOGRAPHICALl DISPARITY -"strokel belt"l -8l statesl withl increasel strokel mortality
Q:l neurol assessment:l subjectivel questions
Answer:
-headache -seizures -difficultyl swallow/talking -incoordination -dizzy/vertigo -tremor -headl injury -illicitl substances -historyl ofl medicall issues -environmental/occupational -weakness -numb/tingly ADDITIONALl QUESTIONl FORl OLDERl ADULTS -anyl problemsl wl dizziness?>occurl whenl youl firstl standl orl sit?l getl upl tol walk?l whenl youl takel meds?l afterl eating?l movel head?>men:l dol youl getl upl atl nightl andl feell faintl whenl youl havel tol urinate> >doesl itl affectl dailyl activities?l drivingl orl maneuveringl aroundl house?-anyl tremorl inl handsl orl face?-anyl lossl ofl consciousness?-decreasel ofl memoryl orl changesl inl mentall functioning?-suddenl visuall changesl orl fleetingl blindness?
Q:l objectivel data:l examl types
Answer:
SCREENINGl NEUROl EXAM -forl thel welll personl withl nol sigl findingsl froml theirl history COMPLETEl NEUROl EXAM
-forl ppll withl neurol concerns:l headache,l lossl ofl coordination,l weakness
-ppll wl signl ofl neurol dysfunction NEUROl RECHECKl EXAM -forl peoplel withl demonstratedl neurol deficitsl thatl needl periodicl assessment >hospitalizedl patients,l peoplel inl extendedl care 3 / 4
Q:l objectivel data:l preparation
Answer:
integratel neurol examinationl withinl thel examinationl ofl al partl ofl thel body >examinel craniall nervesl whenl assessingl headl andl neck >assessl superficiall abdominall reflexesl whenl examiningl abdomen >docl alll neurol findingsl togetherl asl onel functioningl unit ORDERl FORl COMPLETEl NEUROl EXAM 1.l mentall status 2.l craniall nerves 3.l motorl system 4.l sensoryl system 5.l reflexes
Q:l objectivel data:l equipment
Answer:
-penlight -tonguel blade
-tuningl fork:l 128l orl 256
-cottonl swab -cottonl ball -percussionl hammer
Q:l craniall nervel 1
Answer:
olfactoryl (wel dontl usuallyl test)
-testl sensel ofl smelll inl ppll whol report:
>lossl ofl smell >headl trauma >intracraniall lesionl suspected >abnormall mentall status -personl closel eyes,l occludel 1l nostril,l presentl familiarl smell >coffee,l orange,l vanilla
-normally:l bel ablel tol identifyl smelll onl eachl nostril
>normallyl smelll decreasesl wl aging >notel asymmetry
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