Examl 2:l BIOl 205/l BIO205l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Microbiologyl Review|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l Horizontall Genel Transferl isl whenl genesl arel passedl downl froml parentl celll tol daughterl cell.l Truel orl False?
Answer:
False
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl isl NOTl al forml ofl Horizontall Genel Transfer?a.l Conjugation b.l Transduction c.l Transformation d.l Binaryl fission
Answer:
Binaryl Fusion
Q:l Whatl isl Transformation?
Answer:
Thel processl ofl importingl freel DNAl intol bacteriall cells
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Q:l Describel Griffith'sl Experiment:
Answer:
Griffith'sl experimentl demonstratedl thatl geneticl materiall couldl bel transferredl betweenl differentl strainsl ofl bacteria,l byl showingl thatl al heat-killedl virulentl strainl ofl Streptococcusl pneumoniael couldl transforml al non-virulentl strainl intol al virulentl one.l Thisl wasl thel firstl evidencel ofl horizontall genel transfer,l andl itl laidl thel foundationl forl thel studyl ofl bacteriall genetics.
Q:l DNAl replicationl isl semiconservativel andl bi-directional.l Truel orl False?
Answer:
True
Q:l Whichl ofl thel followingl isl NOTl partl ofl thel structurel ofl al nucleotide?a.l Phosphatel group b.l Nitrogenousl base c.l Pentosel sugar d.l Adenine
Answer:
Adenine
Q:l Wherel isl thel DNAl inl bacteria?
Answer:
nucleoid
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Q:l Whatl arel thel stepsl ofl DNAl replicationl andl inl whichl orderl dol theyl occur?
Answer:
Thel stepsl ofl DNAl replicationl are:
1.l Initiation:l Replicationl beginsl atl thel originl ofl replication,l wherel DNAl helicasel unwindsl thel double-strandedl DNAl moleculel andl separatesl thel twol strandsl tol forml al replicationl fork.
2.l Elongation:l DNAl polymerasel addsl newl nucleotidesl tol thel growingl DNAl strand,l usingl thel existingl strandl asl al template.l Thisl occursl inl al 5'l tol 3'l direction,l andl requiresl primersl tol initiatel DNAl synthesis.
3.l Termination:l Replicationl endsl whenl thel replicationl forksl meet,l creatingl twol identicall copiesl ofl thel originall DNAl molecule.
Thel orderl ofl thesel stepsl isl initiation,l elongation,l andl termination.
Q:l DNAl polymerasel IIIl Function:
Answer:
Addsl newl DNAl nucleotides
Q:l Helicasel Function:
Answer:
Unwindsl thel DNAl doublel helix
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