Examl 1:l NSGl 434/l NSG434l (Latestl 2025/l
2026l Update)l Nursingl Carel ofl thel Childrearingl Familyl Completel Guide|l Questionsl &l Answers|l Gradel A|l 100%l Correctl (Verifiedl Solutions)-l GCU
Q:l vitall signs
Answer:
TEMPERATURE
1.l infantsl tol 2l yearsl old:l
-axillary -rectal:l tol getl corel templ (rectall shouldl bel 37-37.5)l (neonatesl shouldl bel 36.5-37.6)
2.l 2l tol 5l yearsl old:l
-axillary -rectall forl corel temp -tympanic -orall ifl theyl canl holdl itl underl theirl tongue
3.l >5l yearsl old:
-axillary -tympanic -temporal -oral PULSE -apicall isl thel mostl accurate -comparel femorall andl radiall pulsesl atl leastl oncel inl infancyl tol detectl circulationl issues -normall isl +3
RESPIRATIONS
-lookl atl infantsl abdomenl bcl theyl arel diaphragmaticl breathers -countl forl al fulll minl bcl movementl arel irregular BLOODl PRESSURE -donel annuallyl froml 3l yearsl oldl tol adolescencel andl donel inl childrenl withl s/sl hypertensionl (>120/80l inl ado),l inl EDl orl ICU,l orl inl highl riskl infantsl -auscultationl isl goldl standard >automatedl canl bel donel inl infantsl andl youngl childrenl whenl auscultationl isl hardl orl ifl theyl arel inl ICU
-cuffl size:
>tool large:l lowl BP 1 / 4
>tool small:l highl BP
>shouldl bel 40%l ofl arml circumferencel andl coverl 80-100%l ofl arml circumferencel -BPl standardl basedl onl age,l gender,l andl height
Q:l physicall assessment
Answer:
GENERALl APPEARANCE -nutrition,l posture,l behavior,l personality,l howl theyl interactl withl others,l development,l andl speech SKIN -texture,l temp,l color,l moisture,l turgor,l lesions,l acne,l rashes -usel inspectionl andl palpation ACCESSORYl STRUCTURES
-hair:l color,l texture,l elasticity,l quality,l distribution,l cleanliness
-scalp:l lookl forl lesions,l cleanliness,l infestations,l signsl ofl trauma,l scaly -nails HEADl ANDl NECK -lymphl nodes -headl shapel andl symmetryl >lookl forl headl flatteningl whichl indicatesl thel childl isl layingl downl tool much >asymmetryl couldl indicatel prematurel closurel ofl sutures -lookl atl headl control -havel theml makel al facel andl lookl atl symmetryl -notel unusuall proportionsl EYES 1.l externall structures
-open:l eyelidl shouldl bel byl upperl irisl
-closed:l eyel lidl coversl corneal andl sclera
2.l internall structures:
-preparel childl byl showingl theml instrument,l howl itl shinesl lightl intol thel eye,l andl whyl thel rooml needsl tol bel dark
3.l ocularl alignment:
-byl 3l tol 4l monthsl childrenl shouldl bel ablel tol focusl bothl eyesl inl onel visuall field -strabismus:l whenl onel eyel deviatesl froml thel fixation.l thatl eyesl becomesl al lazyl eyel andl ifl notl fixedl thel brainl willl startl tol suppressl thel imagesl froml thatl eye,l ifl notl fixedl byl 4-6l yearsl oldl therel isl permanentl blindnessl inl thatl eyel calledl amblyopia
Q:l cont.
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Answer:
EARS
1.l externall structures:
-lookl atl thel heightl alignmentl ofl thel pinna -drawl anl imaginaryl linel froml thel pinnal tol thel cornerl ofl thel eye,l thenl drawl al horizontall linel throughl that,l thenl drawl al linel aligningl thel pinna,l thel anglel shouldl bel 10l degrees 2.l internall structures -positioning:l sittingl inl parentsl lap,l parentl mayl havel tol holdl theirl bodyl andl head,l olderl childrenl dontl needl restraint -preparel theml byl showingl theml thel instrument,l howl itl works,l andl thel importancel ofl stayingl still -canl evenl demonstratel itl onl thel parent
-otoscopicl exam:l lookl atl thel tympanicl membranel andl bonyl structuresl
-auditoryl testing NOSE -assessl patency,l drainage,l andl sinusesl MOUTHl ANDl THROAT -dol thisl andl earsl lastl becausel itl isl thel mostl upsetting,l orl dol mouthl whenl childl isl crying -havel theml openl mouth,l movel tonguel around,l sayl ahhl tol depressl tongue -infantsl andl toddlersl resistl keepingl theirl mouthl open -onlyl usel thel tonguel bladel ifl needed,l placel itl onl thel sidel ofl theirl tongue CHEST -movement,l symmetry,l size,l shape,l breastl development,l bonyl landmarksl madel byl ribsl andl sternum LUNGS -inspectl byl watchingl chestl movement >rate,l rhythm,l depth,l quality -listenl tol breathl sounds HEART
-listenl inl 2l positions:l sitting,l reclining
>ifl adventitiousl soundsl noted:l sitting,l standing,l leftl sidel lying,l leaningl forwardl
-auscultate:l rate,l intensity,l rhythm,l quality
-murmur:l heardl whenl therel isl vibrationl inl thel chambersl orl backl andl forthl bloodl flowl inl thel majorl arteriesl
ABDOMEN
1.l inspect:l symmetry,l pulsation,l movement,l contourl bothl layingl andl erect
2.l auscultate:l bowell sounds,l bruits
3.l palpate:l tenderness,l locationl andl sizel ofl organs
GENITALIA
-comesl afterl abdomenl becausel theyl arel alreadyl laying -dol matterl ofl factlyl andl telll theml findings 3 / 4
-waitl untill endl inl adolescents
1.l males:l scrotum,l penis,l tannersl sexuall maturityl rating
2.l females:l gentlel palpation,l labia
Q:l cont..
Answer:
ANUS -havel theml flipl ontol theirl abdomen -firmnessl ofl thel buttl andl symmetryl ofl thel gluteall folds -assessl thel anall sphincterl byl elicitingl thel anall reflexl SPINE -assessl generall curvature -lookl atl backl forl tuftsl orl hair,l dimple,l discoloration -assessl mobilityl ofl thel vertebrall columnl whenl theyl movel andl havel theml gol froml pronel tol sitting
EXTREMITIES
-symmetryl inl lengthl andl size->ifl asymmetry->followl upl wl orthopedic -assessl templ andl colorl inl alll thel extremities,l shouldl bel thel samel exceptl thel feetl mayl bel al littlel cooler
-toddlers:l bowlegged
>ifl asymmetricall bowlegl persistsl forl >2l tol 3l yearsl considerl pathologicall issue -lookl atl thel shapel ofl bones
JOINTS
-ROM -feell forl heat,l redness,l swelling,l orl tenderness
MUSCLES
-lookl atl symmetry,l tone,l andl strength -observel musclel whenl flexedl andl relaxed,l feell forl both,l usel thel bicepsl mostl commonlyl becausel kidl canl makel fistsl tol flex NEURO -reflexes:l persistentl primitivel reflexes,l lossl ofl reflexes,l hyperactivel DTRl indicatel cerebrall insult -craniall nerves
Q:l familyl theories
Answer:
FAMILYl SYSTEMSl THEORY
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