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Exam 4: NURS611/ NURS 611 (Latest) Advanced
Pathophysiology Quiz Bank | Questions and Verified ANSWERwers with Rationales| 100% Correct| Grade A- Maryville The neural groove closes dorsally during which week of gestational life?
- Second c. Eighth b. Fourth d. Twelfth
ANSWER: B
During the fourth gestational week, the neural groove deepens, its folds develop laterally, and it closes dorsally to form the neural tube, epithelial tissue that ultimately becomes the central nervous system (CNS). The second week is too early, and the other options represent times periods after the groove closes.
Which nutritional deficiency in a pregnant woman is associated with neural tube defect (NTD)?
- Iron c. Zinc b. Vitamin C d. Folate
ANSWER: D Maternal folate deficiency is associated with
NTDs, but the specific mechanism that relates to how folate supplements prevent these anomalies is unknown. The other options are not thought to cause such a defect.
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Which defect of neural tube closure is most common?
- Anterior c. Lateral b. Posterior d. Midline
b
What is the anomaly in which the soft bony component of the skull and much of the brain is missing?
- Anencephaly c. Cranial meningocele b. Myelodysplasia d.
Hydrocephaly a
The most common cause of obstructive hydrocephalus in infants
is:
- Obstructed arachnoid villi
- Stenosis of the aqueduct of Sylvius
- Excessive production of cerebrospinal fluid
- Impaired cerebrospinal fluid circulation in the subarachnoid
space
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b
What is the term for a herniation or protrusion of brain and meninges through a defect in the skull? a. Encephalocele c.Arachnoidocele b. Meningocele d. Cephacephalocele a
What is the result of a Chiari type II malformation associated with a myelomeningocele?
- Upward displacement of the cerebellum into the diencephalon
- Motor and sensory lesions below the level of the
- Downward displacement of the cerebellum, brainstem, and
myelomeningocele
fourth ventricle d. Generalized cerebral edema and hydrocephalus c
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Prompt surgical repair of a myelomeningocele is critical to best
prevent:
- Infection c. Mental retardation b. Paralysis d. Additional
nervous system damage
ANSWER: D Until the myelomeningocele is surgically closed,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) may accumulate, resulting in further dilation and enlargement of the sac, which may risk more damage to the nervous system. The other options are included as possible damage caused by the increased leaking of CSF.
An infant diagnosed with hydrocephalus is observed to
demonstrate:
- Shrunken ventricles b. Bulging fontanels c. Retarded head
growth d. Decreased production of cerebrospinal fluid
ANSWER: B During the early weeks of life, the head begins to
grow at an abnormal rate. Significant dilation of the ventricles may occur before an abnormal increase in head growth develops. The fontanels enlarge and become full and bulging.Cerebrospinal fluid production does not decrease