Exam 2: NSG318 / NSG 318 (Latest
Update 2024 / 2025) Introduction to Pharmacology Exam | Questions and Verified Answers | 100% Correct | Grade A - GCU
Question:
general anesthetics
Answer:
depress the CNS to alleviate pain and cause loss of consciousness
Question:
what may be involved in balanced anesthesia?
Answer:
hypnotic given the night before -premedication with opioid analgesic or benzodiazepine plus an anticholinergic 1 hour before surgery to decrease secretions -short acting nonbarbiturate -inhaled gas, often a combination of an inhalation anesthetic, nitrous oxide, and oxygen -a muscle relaxant as needed 1 / 4
Question:
balanced anesthesia
Answer:
a combination of drugs frequently used in general anesthesia
Question:
what are the benefits of balanced anesthesia?
Answer:
minimizes cardiovascular problems, decreases the amount of general anesthesia needed, reduces possible postanesthesia nausea/vomiting, minimizes disturbance of organ function, decreases pain
Question:
what are the four stages of anesthesia?
Answer:
- analgesia
- excitement or delirium
- surgical
- medullary paralysis
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Question:
stage 1 of general analgesia
Answer:
begins with consciousness and ends with loss of consciousness; speech is difficult, sensations of smell and pain are loss, dreams, auditory or visual hallucinations may occur "induction stage"
Question:
stage 2 of general analgesia
Answer:
produces a loss of consciousness by depression of the cerebral cortex; confusion, excitement, or delirium occur, and induction time is short
Question:
stage 3 of general analgesia
Answer:
surgical procedure performed at this stage; as anesthesia deepens, respirations become shallower and the respiratory rate is increased
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Question:
stage 4 of general analgesia
Answer:
medullary paralysis: toxic stage of anesthesia in which respirations are lost
and circulatory collapse occurs; ventilatory assistance is necessary
Question:
local anesthetics
Answer:
block pain at the site where the drug is administered by preventing conduction of nerve impulses
Question:
spinal anesthesia
Answer:
local anesthesia induced by injection of an anesthetic drug near the spinal cord to anesthetize nerves that are distal to the site of injection
Question:
nerve block
Answer:
injection of regional anesthetic to stop the passage of sensory or pain impulses along a nerve path
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