Exam 1: NR341 / NR 341 (Latest
Update 2025 / 2026) Complex Adult Health | Questions & Answers | Grade A | 100% Correct - Chamberlain
Question:
Shunt
Answer:
-An area of lung in which the blood flows to the pulmonary capillaries (perfusion) is normal, but the alveoli is not receiving oxygen (ventilation)
-Results in unoxygenated blood returning to the heart and, eventually, the body
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Question:
Refractory Hypoxemia
Answer:
-The classic sign of ARDS -Does not improve with the administration of high levels of supplemental oxygen -Underlying cause is a change in the compliance, or elasticity of the lungs
Question:
Diffusion Limitation
Answer:
-Occures when gas exchange across the alveolar-capillary membrane is compromised by a process that damages or destroys the alverolar membrane or affects blood flow through the pulmonary capillaries
Question:
Permissive Hypercapnia
Answer:
-The slow rise of serum carbon dioxide (PaCO2) that occurs in clients with ARDS -The increased PaCO2 provides a strong stimulus for the client to breathe
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Question:
Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF)
Answer:
-Occurs when there is inadequate oxygenation, ventilation, or both
-Can be classified as hypoxemic or hypercapnic
Question:
Hypoxic Respiratory Failure (Oxygen Failure)
Answer:
-Partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) ≤60 mmHg per arterial blood gas (ABG) result
-As consolidation occurs within the alveoli, oxygenation at the alveolar- capillary level is impaired
-Inadequate oxygen saturation occurs, even when the client is receiving supplemental oxygen
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Question:
Common causes of hypoxic respiratory failure
Answer:
-ARDS -Massive pulmonary embolism -Smoke inhalation -Cardiogenic shock -V/Q Mismatch -Pneumonia -Pulmonary edema
-COVID
Question:
Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure (Ventilatory Failure)
Answer:
-Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) >50 mmHg with arterial pH <7.35 (acidosis) per ABG result -Since the body is not able to remove carbon dioxide, the carbon dioxide (CO2) levels increase, resulting in acidosis
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