Ethics in America DSST Latest Update 2023-2024 Questions and Answers
A Priori Concepts - Correct Answer:1. Space
- Time
- Causality
- Substance
Active Euthanasia - Correct Answer:Intentionally killing a patient by lethal injection, smothering or some other method.
Allegory of the Cave - Correct Answer:An extended metaphor created by Plato. It
describes a group of prisoners in a cave, chained so their backs are to the entrance.They believe that the shadows (sensed reality) before them are reality, until someone manages to get free, turn around and see the source of the shadows (the real world, which can only be experienced intellectually).
Aristotle - Correct Answer:A philosopher and Plato's student who concentrated on empirical knowledge. He believed that change is necessary and natural, and everything has a purpose. He wrote Nicomachean Ethics, and that balance was the key to happiness.
Autonomy - Correct Answer:The capacity to take actions that are intentional,
understood and chosen freely. Valued highly by Kant and Aristotle.
Buddhism - Correct Answer:An offshoot of Hinduism with saints instead of gods, and which emphasizes moral behavior to achieve happiness through many cycles of reincarnation.
Carol Gilligan - Correct Answer:A feminist psychologist who asserted that men and women have different approaches to moral decisions. Men have an ethics of justice, and focus on applying rules and minimizing emotions, while women have an ethics of care, and consider responsibilities, relationships and emotions. Both approaches are valuable to society.
Categorical Imperatives - Correct Answer:A concept developed by Kant. In deciding whether an action is right or wrong, a person should evaluate the action in terms of what would happen if everybody else in the same situation acted the same way.
Christianity - Correct Answer:A religion founded by Jesus Christ, based on the Bible, that teaches that humanity is fallen and can only find salvation through faith in Christ and his substitutiary sacrifice.
Compensatory Justice - Correct Answer:The extent to which people are fairly
compensated for their injuries by those who have injured them.
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Cosmogony - Correct Answer:The study of the origin of the universe.
Deontology - Correct Answer:An approach to ethics that judges the morality of an action based on the action's adherence to rules.
Determinism - Correct Answer:The idea that thoughts, behaviors and decisions have to happen because of previous events and the laws of nature.
Deterrence - Correct Answer:Making potential criminals attempt to avoid being
imprisoned or executed by not committing crimes.
Dialectic - Correct Answer:Also known as the Socratic Method, a method of argument in which one person asks the other questions to try to get them to realize their own answers or the flaws in their argument.
Disablement - Correct Answer:Punishing a convicted criminal by imprisonment or
execution, so that he or she can no longer commit crimes.
Distributive Justice - Correct Answer:Also known as social justice, the extent to which institutions ensure that benefits and burdens are distributed fairly among society.
Enchiridion - Correct Answer:In philosophy, the collection of compiled and edited teachings of Epictetus, a guide to moral conduct based on principles and precepts of Stoicism.
Ethics - Correct Answer:The academic discipline of analyzing morality, based on
reasoning, rules and logic.
Eudaimonia - Correct Answer:True, Aristotelian happiness, which extends through a lifetime.
Extraordinary Treatment - Correct Answer:Surgery, medication, dialysis, oxygen, CPR or any other treatment needed to care for an unhealthy patient, in contrast to ordinary treatment, which are basic essentials like food or water.
Extrinsic Value - Correct Answer:Something that is valued for the effect that it causes.
Golden Mean - Correct Answer:According to Aristotle, happiness as achieved by
balance.
Gottfried Leibniz - Correct Answer:German philosopher and mathematician who
thought that our universe was the best of all possible worlds.
Hedonists - Correct Answer:Also known as Epicureans after their original teacher, these believed that happiness was the purpose of life, and anything that reduced pain and increased happiness was therefore good.
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