DSM-5 Study Guide Questions and Correct Answers Updated Version 2023 Guaranteed Success A 3- year- old girls in a park attempts to sit on the lap of a homeless person. She is pulled away by her mother who recently has been out of town. While the mother was away, the girl had been under the care of the grandmother who spent little time with the girl. The girl does not respond to the affection shown to her by her mother or grandmother. The girl is indiscriminately affectionate with strangers. She has no evidence of motor abnormalities and has met all developmental milestones appropriately. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Autism spectrum disorder.
- Mental retardation.
- Reactive attachment disorder.
- Rett syndrome. - AnsC. Reactive attachment disorder.
This disorder is characterized as a disruption in a child's normal attachment behavior. It is the result of grossly negligent parenting and maltreatment. The child exhibits a pattern of inhibited, emotionally withdrawn behavior toward adult caregivers. There is minimal social and emotional responsiveness to others, episodes of unexplained irritability, sadness or fearfulness with adult caregivers. The onset must have been before age 5. Developmentally the child should be at least 9 months old.
A 5- year- old child believes that his thoughts, words, and actions cause specific outcomes in nature, and these outcomes defy what are the commonly understood laws of cause and effect. What is this is this phenomenon called?
- Grandiosity.
- Hallucination.
- Illusion.
- Magical thinking. - AnsD. Magical thinking
A 10- year- old boy who has severe developmental delay exhibits immediate and involuntary repetition and ambient sounds and vocalizations made by other people.What is the term for this phenomenon?
- Dysarthria
- Echolalia
- Echopraxia
- Word salad - AnsB. Echolalia
A 12- year- old boy feels tired of "standing out so much" at school. Several times a day he feels an uncomfortable sensation in his throat and then feels he "has to" cough or grunt, which temporarily makes the uncomfortable sensation go away. He also repeatedly shrugs his shoulders and stomps his feet at what appear to be random 1 / 4
moments throughout the day. The other students no longer make fun of him the way the did when they were younger, but he still feels demoralized b/c he just wants to fit in with them. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Obsessive- compulsive disorder.
- Obsessive- compulsive personality disorder.
- Persistent motor or vocal tic disorder.
- Tourette's disorder. - AnsD. Tourette's disorder.
Involves both motor tics and vocal tics over the course of the disorder. Onset is before age 18. Tics wax and wane in frequency, but have persisted for more than 12 months.
A 12- year- old girl is getting along poorly with her parents and teachers. She is highly argumentative and defiant at home. She has attempted to embarrass her teacher in front of the other students and uses profane language. She never seems to take responsibility for the hostility that appears to be present in many of her social interactions. Due to her constant "negativity" with her teachers, other students have begun to keep their distance from her. In the past 5 years, the girl's parents have gotten divorced. The girl is cooperative in responding to questions during the psychiatric interview. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Antisocial personality disorder .
- Conduct disorder.
- Major depressive disorder.
- Oppositional defiant disorder. - AnsD. Oppositional defiant disorder.
This disorder is represented by angry/ irritable mood, argumentative/ defiant behavior's and vindictiveness that is not typical for the child's developmental level. In children younger than age 5, the behaviors must be press on most days for at least 6 months. In children older than 5 it must occur at least once per week for at least 6 months.
A 12- year- old girl persistently misbehaves at home. Recently she called 911, reporting that her parents were forcing her to go to school and threatening to run away. She also locked her younger siblings out of the house in cold weather. Although her parents attempt to set limits, she frequently responds with prolonged tantrums- crying and shouting, flailing her arms, and breaking objects in her home. Once she "gets her way" she settles down immediatley. After one serious tantrum, her parents took her to the emergency department and the girl was admitted to the psychiatric unit. The pt was viewed as quite charming by several members of the staff, whereas others though she was "a very, very difficult pt." What is the likely diagnosis?
- Attention- deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.
- Conduct disorder.
- Intermittent explosive disorder.
- Oppositional defiant disorder. - AnsD. Oppositional defiant disorder.
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This disorder is represented by angry/ irritable mood, argumentative/ defiant behavior's and vindictiveness that is not typical for the child's developmental level. In children younger than age 5, the behavior's must be present on most days for at least 6 months.In children older than 5 it must occur at least once per week for at least 6 months.
A 16- year- old boy presents to his high school counselor after running out of his programming class b/c he was asked to explain a piece of code. He has trouble answering and had felt this sort of difficulty in the past, but today it was worse. He is not able to explain clearly to the counselor what happened b/c he is still having the same speaking problems that he has in class. He speaks in broken words and keeps getting stuck on sounds like "aye" and "ah". He seems to spit out words. He writes down on a piece of paper that he has been thinking about dropping out of school b/c of his difficulty speaking; his older brother dropped out of school for similar problems. The counselor later observes him working in the computer lab and notices no abnormal behavior. What is the likely diagnosis?
A Autism spectrum disorder.
- Childhood- onset fluency disorder (stuttering).
- Social anxiety disorder (social phobia).
- Tourette's disorder. - AnsB. Childhood- onset fluency disorder (stuttering).
Is diagnosed when a child fails to use age and dialect appropriate speech sounds. The average age of onset is by age 6, but the range can be b/w 2-7 years of age. The disorder causes significant anxiety related to speaking or limitations in effective communication. Stress and anxiety can exacerbate the disroder. The disorder interferes with the individual's achievement in academics, occupation, and interpersonal communication. The individual may avoid situations due to fear that stem from humiliation and embarrassment.
A 19- year- old college freshman wears a wizard hat every day around campus. When asked why, he tells people it is because "the hat helps me think better." He has had few friends but enjoys participating in medieval role- playing games. He earns excellent grades in class and grooms himself appropriately every day. His speech is fluent. His thought process is linear, although he perseverates on various wizard spells he has learned online. His affect is restricted. He denies any hallucinations or any changes in sleep, mood, appetitie, or energy. His unusual "style" has interfered with his getting a job, which he needs to remain in school. What is the likely diagnosis?
- Bipolar I disorder.
- Schizoaffective disorder.
- Schizophrenia
- Schizotypal personality disorder. - AnsD. Schizotypal personality disorder.
This disorder is characterized by a pattern of deficits in interpersonal skills and a decreased capacity for close relationships. Cognitive and perceptual distortions and eccentric behavior are also evident.
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A 19- year- old college student is brought to the psychiatric emergency department by his friends b/c he had not slept for 4 days, was speaking loudly, felt "exuberant" and "on top of the world", and b/c he had attempted to lift a care with his "bare hands". He was an avid weight lifter and recently had stated taking steroids (purchased "on the streets") to help him "bulk up". What is the most appropriate diagnosis?
- Bipolar I.
- Bipolar II.
- Substance/ medication- induced Bipolar and related disorder.
- Substance/ medication- induced psychotic disorder. - AnsC. Substance/ medication-
induced bipolar and related disorder.
A 20- year- old college freshman is brought to the attention of the dormitory resident assistant b/c she is not attending meals in the dining hall. The student says she feels anxious about being in the crowded kitchen and dining hall. Similarly, she has ordered all her schoolbooks online to avoid being in the bookstore b/c "it is too overwhelming".She also has not attended some of her crowded lectures. The student is able to have a good conversation in the hall of the dormitory with the resident assistant. The student denies fearing scrutiny by others. She explains that she avoids some places b/c she found that in malls or other crowded ares, she feels very worried, faints, sweaty, and dizzy. She is afraid of losing control and in being in situations where she cannot escape.What is the likely diagnosis?
- Acute stress disorder.
- Agoraphobia.
- Posttraumatic stress disorder.
- Social anxiety disorder. - AnsB. Agoraphobia.
Is characterized by fear and anxiety in two or more of the following five situations: using public transportation, being in open spaces, being in enclosed places, standing in line or being in a crowd, being outside of the home alone. The individual fear or avoids these situations b/c of thoughts that escape might be difficult or help might not be available
A 21- year- old college student complains that he has developed "an uncomfortable relationship with food". His current symptoms seem to be consistent with an eating disorder. Which of the following pieces of information would help distinguish b/w anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?
- He has lost significant weight and appears emaciated.
- He is highly critical of his body.
- He regularly binges on high- calorie, high- fat foods.
- He uses large quantities of laxative tablets each day. - AnsA. He has lost significant
weight and appears emaciated.
The key difference b/w bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa, binge- eating/ purging type, is the current body weight. It is common for individuals to move from one
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