Adolescence and Emerging Adulthood, A cultural approach, Arnett, (PSYC 314, Adolescent Development) terms for exam 1 Latest Update 2024 Version 184 Questions and Verified Correct Answers
absolute performance - CORRECT ANSWER: results compared to people regardless of
age; not stable
abstract thinking - CORRECT ANSWER: Thinking in terms of symbols, ideas, and
concepts
accommodation - CORRECT ANSWER: The cognitive process that occurs when a
scheme is changed to adapt to new information
active genotype--> environment effects - CORRECT ANSWER: occur when people
seek out environments that correspond to their genotypic characteristics
adolescence - CORRECT ANSWER: a period of life course between the time puberty
begins and the time adult status is approached, when young people are in the process of preparing to take on the roles and responsibilities of adulthood in their culture.
Adolescence 1500-1890 - CORRECT ANSWER: Life cycle service began in the late
teens and 20s. Common in US in colonial New England -As we became more industrialized, there was less life cycle service.-Young people moved to big cities -Without family or community, rates of crime, premarital sex, and alcohol use increased
Adolescence from Early Christian Times through the Middle Ages - CORRECT
ANSWER:Children's Crusade
-1212, university students wanted to peacefully gain the Holy Land from Muslims -many ended up robbed, raped, kidnapped or sold as slaves St. Augustine believed conversion to Christianity was the key to the rule of reason over passion here on earth, within the individual
Adolescence in Ancient Greece - CORRECT ANSWER: Plato and Aristotle viewed
adolescence as the third distinct stage of life after infancy (0-7yrs) and childhood (7- 14yrs) -both viewed it as the stage in which the capacity for reason first develped Plato -wrote in The Republic that serious education should begin only in adolescence Aristotle -believed it takes the entire course of adolescence for reason to become fully established 1 / 3
-around the end of adolescence, 21 yrs, reason establishes firm control over the impulses
Adolescence in Asia - CORRECT ANSWER: -Children are to respect and obey their
parents (especially the father), also care for parents when older -Intense pressure at the secondary school level
Adolescence in India - CORRECT ANSWER: School vs. Work
-does not have compulsory education, so many young people are illiterate (particularly girls in rural areas) -Tradition of early arranged marriage
-Caste system: determines a person's status in Indian society
-Rights of women: has a long tradition of holding women to be of inferior status
Adolescence in Latin America - CORRECT ANSWER: Political Instability
-military coups followed by military dictatorships, communist revolutions, and civil wars between communist and anti-communist forces Economic Growth -despite having great natural resources, the countries of Latin America have not prospered economically -unemployment among young people is high, exceeding 25%
Adolescence in North Africa and the Middle East - CORRECT ANSWER: Strength of
Islam: strength varies between countries
Patriarchal authority: the father's authority in the family is to be obeyed, often unquestioningly
Position of women: have a long tradition of keeping tight control over women's
appearance and behavior
Adolescence in Sub-saharan Africa - CORRECT ANSWER: -Chronic poverty, war,
HIV/AIDS
-living standards have declined over the past 50 years and an increasing number of young people live in poverty -adolescents face challenges to physical health and survival -Strengths in strong, supportive family relationships
Adolescence in The West - CORRECT ANSWER: Education
-Educational opportunities are not evenly distributed in most Western countries Unemployment -Young minorities are disadvantaged in the workplace and often experience discrimintation
Adolescent Decision Making - CORRECT ANSWER: Cognitively, adolescents are able
to make the same decisions as adults -In practice, adolescents are affected by their social/emotional abilities -potential consequences seem less negative/potential advantages more positive 2 / 3
adolescent egocentrism - CORRECT ANSWER: adolescents have difficulty
distinguishing their thinking about their own thoughts from their thinking about the thoughts of others
adolescent growth spurt - CORRECT ANSWER: the rapid increase in height that takes place at the beginning of puberty
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - CORRECT ANSWER: the hormone that causes
adrenal glands to increase androgen production
Alfred Binet - CORRECT ANSWER: French psychologist who developed the first
intelligence test in the early 20th century, which later became known as the Stanford- Binet.
alternative approach to Kohlberg's moral development... the Worldview approach -
CORRECT ANSWER: worldview is the ultimate basis for morality; provides the
analytic reasoning - CORRECT ANSWER: involves formal operations
androgens (testosterone) - CORRECT ANSWER: sex hormones that have especially
high levels in males from puberty onward that are most responsible for male primary and secondary sex characteristics
assimilation - CORRECT ANSWER: The cognitive process that occurs when new
information is alternated to fit an existing scheme
asynchronicity - CORRECT ANSWER: uneven growth of different parts of the body
during puberty
automaticity - CORRECT ANSWER: Degree of cognitive effort a person needs to
devote to processing a given set of information
autonomous mortality - CORRECT ANSWER: period of moral development from about
ages 10 to 12, involving a growing realization that moral rules are social conventions that can be changed if people decide they should be changed
behavioral decision theory - CORRECT ANSWER: Theory of decision making that
describes the decision-making process as:
(1) identifying the range of possible choices (2) identifying the consequences that would result from each choice (3) evaluating the desirability of each consequence (4) assessing the likelihood of each consequence (5) make a decision
- / 3