CRJS 360 Final Exam Latest Update 2024-2025 130 Questions and 100% Verified Correct Answers Graded A+
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Aboriginal offenders have given appreciative feedback of
these healing lodges & their use has provided encouraging results
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Administration of justice (failure to appear, breach of
probation), impaired driving & weapons charges are more common for adults. Break and enter, robbery & sexual assault are more prevalent
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Adolescent-onset juvenile offenders - develop behavioural
problems in teen years, occurs in about 70% of the population, it is more common for adolescent-onset youth to desist antisocial behaviour in early adulthood, limited numbers will continue these behaviours in adulthood
... - CORRECT ANSWER: After repeated pairings, the CS, even when presented in
isolation, begins to elicit a response which is termed the conditioned response.
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Akers - deviant behaviour depends on past/present
rewards/punishments for the behaviour & alternate behaviours, people learn from others they are associated with
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Applied correctional feminists have emphasized the following areas as especially salient to girls and/or women: childcare and prenatal services, parenting programs, female-only group programs, trauma programming, substance abuse treatment,
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Cognitive theories - conduct-disordered youth demonstrate
cognitive deficits & distortions, as well as limited problem-solving skills & solutions are often aggressive in nature
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Community risk factors - parental income, living in a low- income neighbourhood, exposure to community violence & access to weapons
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Consequences for victims suffer from negative emotional
reactions such as anger, shock, confusion & frustration, some physical injuries, concerns about STD's, pregnancy, PTSD, depression & sexual disturbances
... - CORRECT ANSWER: differential criminal justice processing as a result of racial discrimination & criminal justice policies/practices that have a differential impact on Aboriginal offenders due to their socio-economic conditions
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... - CORRECT ANSWER: Don Andrews, Jim Bonta & Steve Wormith aided in the
development of the Level of Service Inventory, which has aided in the assessment of age, gender, language, cognitive abilities & ethnicity/race
... - CORRECT ANSWER: education and employment training, gender-responsive
medical (e.g., gynaecological) and mental health care services (e.g., programming for borderline personality and depression), and service delivery that permits meaningful communication with staff characterized by empowerment and empathy
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Evolutionary explanation of rape, Lalumière, 2005 - most
rapists fall into one of three groups: young men, competitively disadvantaged men, or psychopaths
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Familial protective factors - supportive relationships with adults, high levels of parental supervision, secure parent-child attachment School protective factors - commitment/achievement in academics & participating in structure extracurricular activities
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Familial risk factors - poor parental supervision, low parental involvement, parental conflict, parental aggression, child abuse, neglect, maltreatment, children who do not attach securely to their parents, parental loss, divorce, low socioeconomic status, large family size, parental mental health problems & substance abuse among parents
... - CORRECT ANSWER: four types of homicide = first-degree murder, second-degree murder, manslaughter & infanticide
... - CORRECT ANSWER: From psychology's perspective, it is of interest to identify those factors that are most strongly associated with criminality in order that assessments are developed to reflect these domains and that interventions are derived to address them & reduce future recidivism.
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Gender-Informed strengths - results are promising, the
actuarial tool does not "over-classify" women relative to clinical judgement Gender-Informed weaknesses - under-classifies women compared to clinical judgement
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Gender-Neutral weaknesses - predominantly male/biased
against females, suggested that these are invalid, as they do not take the hypothesized gendered pathway to crime into account, certain risk factors may be more important to females, hypothesized that the threshold is considerably less for boys than girls, due to girls having an internal protective mechanism
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Genetic research - psychopaths have a reduction in
prefrontal grey matter, less grey matter in the right superior temporal gyrus, less hippocampal volume, less amygdala volume & an increase in callosal white matter, 2 / 3
reduced activation of the amygdala and anterior cingulate/ventromedial prefrontal cortex with psychopaths in emotional memory paradigms
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Has advanced considerably, but several criticisms still
remain, but the evidence on their effectiveness in treating recidivism among female offenders is encouraging
... - CORRECT ANSWER: HCR-20 - historical, clinical & risk management assessment, examines risk factors & violence from past, present & future Level of Service Inventory - Ontario Revised (LSI-OR) - for ages 16 & up, assesses risk of recidivism & need for correctional programs to reduce recidivism & likelihood of offender responding to treatment
... - CORRECT ANSWER: He dropped out of high school prior to completing Grade 10 and has infrequently held odd jobs. Presentence reports describe a fairly chaotic childhood and family situation, a long history of drug and alcohol abuse, and multiple brief relationships.
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Hierarchial-Meditational Confluence Model (HMC),
Malamuth, 2003 - etiological model of sexual aggression against women, two major paths that lead to sexual aggression: antisocial & impersonal sex path & hostile masculinity path
... - CORRECT ANSWER: hormones - (relationship between testosterone and
aggression is weak) psychophysiology - things like impulsive behaviour caused by an excess of dopamine to feel instant gratification can contribute to criminal behaviour neuroimaging - deficits in the 4 areas of the brain can contribute to criminal behaviour
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Individual protective factors - intelligence/commitment to education, exceptional social skills, child competencies, confident perceptions, values, attitudes & beliefs, intolerance to antisocial behaviour, commitment to social norms, positive temperament, ability to seek social support, acting in a reflective/non-impulsive manner, sense of control over environment, problem solving, anger management & critical thinking
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Integrated Theory of the Etiology of Sexual Offending,
Marhall & Barbaree, 1990 - a biopsychosocial explanation of sexual offending against adults/children, explanation that biological, developmental, socio-cultural & transitory situational factors can create a proclivity to sexually offend
... - CORRECT ANSWER: Long-term - less securely attached to partners, poorer
conflict resolution skills, more likely to be depressed, have eating disorders, abuse drugs & alcohol, engage in crime & more vulnerable to future victimization
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