Critical Thinking Exam (Chapter 1-4)
critical thinking (Ans- The systematic evaluation or formulation of beliefs, or statements, by rational standards.
Logic (Ans- The study of good reasoning, or inference, and the rules that govern it.
statement (claim) (Ans- an assertion that something is or is not the case
Argument (Ans- A group of statements in which some of them (the premises) are intended to support another of them (the conclusion).
premise (Ans- In an argument, a statement, or reason, given in support of the conclusion.
Inference (Ans- the process of reasoning from a premise or premises to a conclusion based on those premises
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Explanation (Ans- A statement or statements intended to tell why or how something is the case.
indicator words (Ans- words that are frequently included in arguments and signal that a premise or conclusion is present
peer pressure (Ans- Group pressure to accept or reject a claim based solely on what one's peers think or do.
appeal to popularity (or to the masses) (Ans- the fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it
stereotyping (Ans- drawing conclusions about people based merely on their membership in some group
world view (Ans- A philosophy of life; a set of fundamental ideas that helps us make sense of a wide range of important issues in life. A world view defines for us what exists, what should be, and what we can know
subjective relativism (Ans- The idea that truth depends on what someone believes.
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