CORRECT ANSWER: PCO2 15

• | Page

Newest NURS 5315 Advanced Pathophysiology Final Exam Questions and CORRECT ANSWER s

Question 1: A patient in respiratory distress and is breathing 33

breaths per minute. Which ABG value is consistent with the clinical scenario?

CORRECT ANSWER: PCO2 15

Question 2: A patient has a sodium level of 115 mEq/L and is

disoriented and lethargic. Which pathological process best explains this patient's symptoms?

• The action potential has become hyperpolarized.
• Water has shifted into the neurons and caused them to swell.
• Water has shifted into the vascular space and dehydrated the

neurons.

• The action potential has become hypopolarized.

CORRECT ANSWER : b. Water has shifted into the neurons

and caused them to swell.

Question 3: A patient experiencing dehydration should be

monitored for which electrolyte imbalance?

• Hyperkalemia
• Hypocalcemia

• | Page

• Hypercalcemia
• Hyponatermia

CORRECT ANSWER : a. Hyperkalemia

Question 4: A married couple presents to your office for genetic

counseling. The husband has an autosomal recessive disease and his wife has a heterozygous genotype for the disease. They ask you, What is the chance that our baby will have the disease?Which of the following answers is correct?25% 50% 75% 100%

CORRECT ANSWER : 50%

Question 5: A child is diagnosed with hemophilia. This is an

example of which genetic concept?Phenotype Genotype Autosomal transmission of the disease Transcription

• | Page

CORRECT ANSWER : Phenotype

Question 6: Dehydration triggers which physiologic response?

Increased secretion of renin.Increase secretion of natriuretic peptides.Decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone.Decreased serum osmolality.

CORRECT ANSWER : Increased secretion of renin.

Question 7: A patient on hydrochlorothiazide has a pH of 7.49

and a bicarbonate of 30. Which of the following pathological processes best explains the abnormal lab values?

• An accumulation of pancreatic bicarbonate secondary to

vomiting and loss of hydrochloric acid

• An increased absorption of Na+ and HCO3- in the proximal

renal tubule secondary to increased aldosterone secretion

• Excessive exhalation of CO2 secondary to hyperventilation
• Distal renal tubular dysfunction causing an accumulation of

hydrogen ions

• | Page

CORRECT ANSWER : b. An increased absorption of Na+ and

HCO3- in the proximal renal tubule secondary to increased aldosterone secretion

Question 8: Which patient may experience a decrease in oncotic

pressure?A patient with cirrhosis.A patient with dehydration.A patient with heart failure.A patient on dialysis.

CORRECT ANSWER : A patient with cirrhosis.

Question 9: The nurse practitioner notes that a patient has a pH

of 7.25 and a bicarbonate of 10. Which of following laboratory tests is most important for the nurse practitioner to review?sodium magnesium potassium creatinine

CORRECT ANSWER : potassium